// Shape.java 基础抽象类
public abstract class Shape implements Cloneable {

  private int width;
  private int height;
  private String color = "";
  protected String type;

  public Shape() {

  }

  public String getType() {
    return type;
  }

  // 抽象方法，子类覆盖
  public abstract void draw();

  public void setWidth(int width) {
    this.width = width;
  }

  public int getWidth() {
    return this.width;
  }

  public int getHeight() {
    return this.height;
  }

  public void setHeight(int height) {
    this.height = height;
  }

  public void setColor(String color) {
    this.color = color;
  }

  public String getColor() {
    return this.color;
  }

  // 克隆方法
  public Object clone() {
    Object clone = null;
    try {
      clone = super.clone();
    } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return clone;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return String.format("{width = %s, height = %s, type = %s, color = %s }",
        this.width, this.height, this.type, this.color);
  }
}

// Circle.java 具体原型类，克隆方法会创建一个新对象并将其传递给构造函数。
public class Circle extends Shape {
  public Circle() {
    super();
    type = "Circle";
  }

  @Override
  public void draw() {
    System.out.println("Circle::draw() method.");
  }
}

// Rectangle.java 具体原型类，克隆方法会创建一个新对象并将其传递给构造函数。
public class Rectangle extends Shape {
  public Rectangle() {
    super();
    type = "Rectangle";
  }

  @Override
  public void draw() {
     System.out.println("Rectangle::draw() method.");
  }
}

// 具体原型类，克隆方法会创建一个新对象并将其传递给构造函数。
public class Square extends Shape {
  public Square() {
    super();
    type = "Square";
  }

  @Override
  public void draw() {
    System.out.println("Square::draw() method.");
  }
}

// Application.java 客户调用方
public class Application {

  public ListShape> shapes = new ArrayListShape>();

  public Application() {
  }

  public void addToShapes() {
    Circle circle = new Circle();
    circle.setWidth(10);
    circle.setHeight(20);
    circle.setColor("red");
    shapes.add(circle);

    // 添加clone
    Circle anotherCircle = (Circle) circle.clone();
    anotherCircle.setColor("pink");
    shapes.add(anotherCircle);
    // 变量 `anotherCircle（另一个圆）`与 `circle（圆）`对象的内容完全一样。

    Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle();
    rectangle.setWidth(99);
    rectangle.setHeight(69);
    rectangle.setColor("green");
    shapes.add(rectangle);
    // 添加clone
    shapes.add((Shape) rectangle.clone());
  }

  // 直接取出
  public Shape getShape(Integer index) {
    return this.shapes.get(index);
  }

  // 取出时候clone
  public Shape getShapeClone(Integer index) {
    Shape shape = this.shapes.get(index);
    return (Shape) shape.clone();
  }

  public void printShapes() {
    for (int i = 0; i this.shapes.size(); i++) {
      Shape shape = this.shapes.get(i);
      System.out.println("shape " + i + " : " + shape.toString());
    }
  }

}

    /**
     * 原型模式主要就是复制已有的对象，而无需实例化类，从而提升实例化对象时的性能
     * 其实就是复制实例的属性到新对象上，减少了执行构造的步骤
     */
    Application application = new Application();
    application.addToShapes();
    Shape shapeClone = application.getShapeClone(1);
    // 更改clone
    shapeClone.setColor("gray");
    System.out.println("shapeClone : " + shapeClone.toString());
    // 直接更改
    application.getShape(3).setColor("yellow");
    application.printShapes();

    // /*********************** 分割线 ******************************************/
    application.shapes.add(new Square());
    for (Shape shape : application.shapes) {
      shape.draw();
      System.out.println(shape.toString());
    }

// func.h 基础头文件
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

typedef struct Shape shape;
typedef struct Circle circle;
typedef struct Rectangle rectangle;
typedef struct Square square;

// 定义了Shape作为基础接口，以便各形状有统一类型
typedef struct Shape
{
    char name[50];
    int width;
    int height;
    char color[50];
    char category[50];
    void (*draw)(struct Shape *shape);
    struct Shape *(*clone)(struct Shape *shape);
    char *(*to_string)(struct Shape *shape);
    void (*set_width)(struct Shape *shape, int width);
    int (*get_width)(struct Shape *shape);
    void (*set_height)(struct Shape *shape, int height);
    int (*get_height)(struct Shape *shape);
    void (*set_color)(struct Shape *shape, char *color);
    char *(*get_color)(struct Shape *shape);
    void (*set_category)(struct Shape *shape, char *category);
    char *(*get_category)(struct Shape *shape);
} Shape;
Shape *shape_constructor(char *name);

typedef struct Circle
{
    char name[50];
    int width;
    int height;
    char color[50];
    char category[50];
    void (*draw)(struct Circle *shape);
    struct Circle *(*clone)(struct Circle *shape);
    char *