1 前言
自定义Blinn Phong光照模型中实现了基础的自定义光照，与现实的光照还是有些差别，本文将实现更逼真的光照效果，即基于物理的光照（PBR）。
读者如果对 Filament 不太熟悉，请回顾以下内容。
- Filament环境搭建
- 绘制三角形
- 绘制矩形
- 绘制圆形
- 绘制立方体
- 纹理贴图
- 立方体贴图（6张图）
- 加载obj和fbx模型
- 自定义Blinn Phong光照模型
2 基于物理的光照
本文项目结构如下，完整代码资源 → Filament基于物理的光照。
2.1 基础类
为方便读者将注意力聚焦在 Filament 的输入上，轻松配置复杂的环境依赖逻辑，笔者仿照 OpenGL ES 的写法，抽出了 FLSurfaceView、BaseModel、Mesh、MaterialUtils、MeshUtils、TextureUtils、IBLUtils 类。FLSurfaceView 与 GLSurfaceView 的功能类似，承载了渲染环境配置；BaseModel 用于管理模型的网格和材质；Mesh 用于管理模型的顶点属性；MaterialUtils、MeshUtils、TextureUtils 和 IBLUtils 中分别提供了一些材质、网格、纹理和基于图片的光照等相关的工具。
build.gradle
...
android {
...
aaptOptions { // 在应用程序打包过程中不压缩的文件
noCompress 'filamat', 'ktx'
}
}
dependencies {
implementation fileTree(dir: '../libs', include: ['*.aar'])
...
}
说明：在项目根目录下的 libs 目录中，需要放入以下 aar 文件，它们源自Filament环境搭建中编译生成的 aar。
FLSurfaceView.java
package com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.base;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Point;
import android.view.Choreographer;
import android.view.Surface;
import android.view.SurfaceView;
import com.google.android.filament.Camera;
import com.google.android.filament.Engine;
import com.google.android.filament.EntityManager;
import com.google.android.filament.Filament;
import com.google.android.filament.Renderer;
import com.google.android.filament.Scene;
import com.google.android.filament.Skybox;
import com.google.android.filament.SwapChain;
import com.google.android.filament.View;
import com.google.android.filament.Viewport;
import com.google.android.filament.android.DisplayHelper;
import com.google.android.filament.android.FilamentHelper;
import com.google.android.filament.android.UiHelper;
import java.util.ArrayList;
/**
* Filament中待渲染的SurfaceView
* 功能可以类比OpenGL ES中的GLSurfaceView
* 用于创建Filament的渲染环境
*/
public class FLSurfaceView extends SurfaceView {
public static int RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY = 0; // 用户请求渲染才渲染一帧
public static int RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY = 1; // 持续渲染
protected int mRenderMode = RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY; // 渲染模式
protected Choreographer mChoreographer; // 消息控制
protected DisplayHelper mDisplayHelper; // 管理Display(可以监听分辨率或刷新率的变化)
protected UiHelper mUiHelper; // 管理SurfaceView、TextureView、SurfaceHolder
protected Engine mEngine; // 引擎(跟踪用户创建的资源, 管理渲染线程和硬件渲染器)
protected Renderer mRenderer; // 渲染器(用于操作系统窗口, 生成绘制命令, 管理帧延时)
protected Scene mScene; // 场景(管理渲染对象、灯光)
protected View mView; // 存储渲染数据(View是Renderer操作的对象)
protected Camera mCamera; // 相机(视角管理)
protected Point mDesiredSize; // 渲染分辨率
protected float[] mSkyboxColor; // 背景颜色
protected SwapChain mSwapChain; // 操作系统的本地可渲染表面(native renderable surface, 通常是一个window或view)
protected FrameCallback mFrameCallback = new FrameCallback(); // 帧回调
protected ArrayList mRenderCallbacks; // 每一帧渲染前的回调(一般用于处理模型变换、相机变换等)
static {
Filament.init();
}
public FLSurfaceView(Context context) {
super(context);
mChoreographer = Choreographer.getInstance();
mDisplayHelper = new Displa服务器托管网yHelper(context);
mRenderCallbacks = new ArrayList();
}
public void init() { // 初始化
setupSurfaceView();
setupFilament();
setupView();
setupScene();
}
public void setRenderMode(int renderMode) { // 设置渲染模式
mRenderMode = renderMode;
}
public void addRenderCallback(RenderCallback renderCallback) { // 添加渲染回调
if (renderCallback != null) {
mRenderCallbacks.add(renderCallback);
}
}
public void requestRender() { // 请求渲染
mChoreographer.postFrameCallback(mFrameCallback);
}
public void onResume() { // 恢复
mChoreographer.postFrameCallback(mFrameCallback);
}
public void onPause() { // 暂停
mChoreographer.removeFrameCallback(mFrameCallback);
}
public void onDestroy() { // 销毁Filament环境
mChoreographer.removeFrameCallback(mFrameCallback);
mRenderCallbacks.clear();
mUiHelper.detach();
mEngine.destroyRenderer(mRenderer);
mEngine.destroyView(mView);
mEngine.destroyScene(mScene);
mEngine.destroyCameraComponent(mCamera.getEntity());
EntityManager entityManager = EntityManager.get();
entityManager.destroy(mCamera.getEntity());
mEngine.destroy();
}
protected void setupScene() { // 设置Scene参数
}
protected void onResized(int width, int height) { // Surface尺寸变化时回调
double zoom = 1;
double aspect = (double) width / (double) height;
mCamera.setProjection(Camera.Projection.ORTHO,
-aspect * zoom, aspect * zoom, -zoom, zoom, 0, 1000);
}
private void setupSurfaceView() { // 设置SurfaceView
mUiHelper = new UiHelper(UiHelper.ContextErrorPolicy.DONT_CHECK);
mUiHelper.setRenderCallback(new SurfaceCallback());
if (mDesiredSize != null) {
mUiHelper.setDesiredSize(mDesiredSize.x, mDesiredSize.y);
}
mUiHelper.attachTo(this);
}
private void setupFilament() { // 设置Filament参数
mEngine = Engine.create();
// mEngine = (new Engine.Builder()).featureLevel(Engine.FeatureLevel.FEATURE_LEVEL_0).build();
mRenderer = mEngine.createRenderer();
mScene = mEngine.createScene();
mView = mEngine.createView();
mCamera = mEngine.createCamera(mEngine.getEntityManager().create());
}
private void setupView() { // 设置View参数
float[] color = mSkyboxColor != null ? mSkyboxColor : new float[] {0, 0, 0, 1};
Skybox skybox = (new Skybox.Builder()).color(color).build(mEngine);
mScene.setSkybox(skybox);
if (mEngine.getActiveFeatureLevel() == Engine.FeatureLevel.FEATURE_LEVEL_0) {
mView.setPostProcessingEnabled(false); // FEATURE_LEVEL_0不支持post-processing
}
mView.setCamera(mCamera);
mView.setScene(mScene);
}
/**
* 帧回调
*/
private class FrameCallback implements Choreographer.FrameCallback {
@Override
public void doFrame(long frameTimeNanos) { // 渲染每帧数据
if (mRenderMode == RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY) {
mChoreographer.postFrameCallback(this); // 请求下一帧
}
mRenderCallbacks.forEach(callback -> callback.onCall());
if (mUiHelper.isReadyToRender()) {
if (mRenderer.beginFrame(mSwapChain, frameTimeNanos)) {
mRenderer.render(mView);
mRenderer.endFrame();
}
}
}
}
/**
* Surface回调
*/
private class SurfaceCallback implements UiHelper.RendererCallback {
@Override
public void onNativeWindowChanged(Surface surface) { // Native窗口改变时回调
if (mSwapChain != null) {
mEngine.destroySwapChain(mSwapChain);
}
long flags = mUiHelper.getSwapChainFlags();
if (mEngine.getActiveFeatureLevel() == Engine.FeatureLevel.FEATURE_LEVEL_0) {
if (SwapChain.isSRGBSwapChainSupported(mEngine)) {
flags = flags | SwapChain.CONFIG_SRGB_COLORSPACE;
}
}
mSwapChain = mEngine.createSwapChain(surface, flags);
mDisplayHelper.attach(mRenderer, getDisplay());
}
@Override
public void onDetachedFromSurface() { // 解绑Surface时回调
mDisplayHelper.detach();
if (mSwapChain != null) {
mEngine.destroySwapChain(mSwapChain);
mEngine.flushAndWait();
mSwapChain = null;
}
}
@Override
public void onResized(int width, int height) { // Surface尺寸变化时回调
mView.setViewport(new Viewport(0, 0, width, height));
FilamentHelper.synchronizePendingFrames(mEngine);
FLSurfaceView.this.onResized(width, height);
}
}
/**
* 每一帧渲染前的回调
* 一般用于处理模型变换、相机变换等
*/
public interface RenderCallback {
void onCall();
}
}
BaseModel.java
package com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.base;
import android.content.Context;
import com.google.android.filament.Engine;
import com.google.android.filament.EntityManager;
import com.google.android.filament.Material;
import com.google.android.filament.MaterialInstance;
import com.google.android.filament.RenderableManager;
import com.google.android.filament.RenderableManager.PrimitiveType;
import com.google.android.filament.Texture;
import com.google.android.filament.TransformManager;
import com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.base.Mesh.Part;
import com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.utils.MaterialUtils;
import com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.utils.TextureUtils;
import com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.utils.TextureUtils.TextureType;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 模型基类
* 管理模型的网格、材质、渲染id
*/
public class BaseModel {
private static String TAG = "BaseModel";
protected Context mContext; // 上下文
protected Engine mEngine; // Filament引擎
protected TransformManager mTransformManager; // 模型变换管理器
protected Mesh mMesh; // 模型网格
protected Material[] mMaterials; // 模型材质
protected MaterialInstance[] mMaterialInstances; // 模型材质实例
protected Map mMaterialMap = new HashMap(); // 材质名->材质
protected Texture[] mTextures; // 纹理
protected int mRenderable; // 渲染id
protected int mTransformComponent; // 模型变换组件的id
protected FLSurfaceView.RenderCallback mRenderCallback; // 每一帧渲染前的回调(一般用于处理模型变换、相机变换等)
public BaseModel(Context context, Engine engine) {
mContext = context;
mEngine = engine;
mTransformManager = mEngine.getTransformManager();
}
public int getRenderable() { // 获取渲染id
return mRenderable;
}
public FLSurfaceView.RenderCallback getRenderCallback() { // 获取渲染回调
return mRenderCallback;
}
public void destroy() { // 销毁模型
mMaterialMap.clear();
mEngine.destroyEntity(mRenderable);
if (mMesh != null) {
mMesh.destroy();
}
if (mTextures != null) {
for (int i = 0; i parts = mMesh.getParts();
List materialNames = mMesh.getMaterialNames();
RenderableManager.Builder builder = new RenderableManager.Builder(parts.size()).boundingBox(mMesh.getBox());
for (int i = 0; i materialNames, int materialID) { // 获取材质
MaterialInstance material = null;
if (materialNames != null && materialNames.size() > materialID && materialID >= 0) {
String name = materialNames.get(materialID);
if (mMaterialMap.containsKey(name)) {
material = mMaterialMap.get(name);
}
}
if (material == null && mMaterialMap.containsKey("DefaultMaterial")) {
material = mMaterialMap.get("DefaultMaterial");
}
return material;
}
}
Mesh.java
package com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.base;
import com.google.android.filament.Box;
import com.google.android.filament.Engine;
import com.google.android.filament.IndexBuffer;
import com.google.android.filament.VertexBuffer;
import com.google.android.filament.VertexBuffer.AttributeType;
import com.google.android.filament.VertexBuffer.VertexAttribute;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 网格
* 用于管理模型的顶点属性和顶点索引
*/
public class Mesh {
private Engine mEngine; // Filament引擎
private VertexBuffer mVertexBuffer; // 顶点属性缓存
private IndexBuffer mIndexBuffer; // 顶点索引缓存
private List mParts; // 子网格信息
private Box mBox; // 渲染区域
private List mMaterialNames; // 材质名
public Mesh(Engine engine) {
mEngine = engine;
}
public Mesh(Engine engine, float[] vertices, short[] indices, List parts, Box box, List materialNames) {
mEngine = engine;
setVertices(vertices);
setIndices(indices);
setParts(parts, indices.length);
setBox(box);
mMaterialNames = materialNames;
}
public Mesh(Engine engine, VertexBuffer vrtexBuffer, IndexBuffer indexBuffer, List parts, Box box, List materialNames) {
mEngine = engine;
mVertexBuffer = vrtexBuffer;
mIndexBuffer = indexBuffer;
mParts = parts;
setBox(box);
mMaterialNames = materialNames;
}
public Mesh(Engine engine, VertexPosCol[] vertices, short[] indices, List parts, Box box, List materialNames) {
mEngine = engine;
setVertices(vertices);
setIndices(indices);
setParts(parts, indices.length);
setBox(box);
mMaterialNames = materialNames;
}
public Mesh(Engine engine, VertexPosUV[] vertices, short[] indices, List parts, Box box, List materialNames) {
mEngine = engine;
setVertices(vertices);
setIndices(indices);
setParts(parts, indices.length);
setBox(box);
mMaterialNames = materialNames;
}
public void setVertices(float[] vertices) { // 设置顶点属性
mVertexBuffer = getVertexBuffer(vertices);
}
public void setVertices(VertexPosCol[] vertices) { // 设置顶点属性
mVertexBuffer = getVertexBuffer(vertices);
}
public void setVertices(VertexPosUV[] vertices) { // 设置顶点属性
mVertexBuffer = getVertexBuffer(vertices);
}
public void setIndices(short[] indices) { // 设置顶点索引
mIndexBuffer = getIndexBuffer(indices);
}
public void setParts(List parts, int count) { // 设置顶点索引
if (parts == null || parts.size() == 0) {
mParts = new ArrayList();
mParts.add(new Part(0, count, 0, count - 1));
} else {
mParts = parts;
}
}
public void setBox(Box box) { // 渲染区域
if (box == null) {
mBox = new Box(0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1);
} else {
mBox =服务器托管网 box;
}
}
public VertexBuffer getVertexBuffer() { // 获取顶点属性缓存
return mVertexBuffer;
}
public IndexBuffer getIndexBuffer() { // 获取顶点索引缓存
return mIndexBuffer;
}
public List getParts() { // 获取顶点索引缓存
return mParts;
}
public Box getBox() {
return mBox;
}
public List getMaterialNames() {
return mMaterialNames;
}
public void destroy() {
mEngine.destroyVertexBuffer(mVertexBuffer);
mEngine.destroyIndexBuffer(mIndexBuffer);
if (mParts != null) {
mParts.clear();
}
if (mMaterialNames != null) {
mMaterialNames.clear();
}
}
private VertexBuffer getVertexBuffer(float[] values) { // 获取顶点属性缓存
ByteBuffer vertexData = getByteBuffer(values);
int vertexCount = values.length / 3;
int vertexSize = Float.BYTES * 3;
VertexBuffer vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer.Builder()
.bufferCount(1)
.vertexCount(vertexCount)
.attribute(VertexAttribute.POSITION, 0, AttributeType.FLOAT3, 0, vertexSize)
.build(mEngine);
vertexBuffer.setBufferAt(mEngine, 0, vertexData);
return vertexBuffer;
}
private VertexBuffer getVertexBuffer(VertexPosCol[] values) { // 获取顶点属性缓存
ByteBuffer vertexData = getByteBuffer(values);
int vertexCount = values.length;
int vertexSize = VertexPosCol.BYTES;
VertexBuffer vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer.Builder()
.bufferCount(1)
.vertexCount(vertexCount)
.attribute(VertexAttribute.POSITION, 0, AttributeType.FLOAT3, 0, vertexSize)
.attribute(VertexAttribute.COLOR, 0, AttributeType.UBYTE4, 3 * Float.BYTES, vertexSize)
.normalized(VertexAttribute.COLOR)
.build(mEngine);
vertexBuffer.setBufferAt(mEngine, 0, vertexData);
return vertexBuffer;
}
private VertexBuffer getVertexBuffer(VertexPosUV[] values) { // 获取顶点属性缓存
ByteBuffer vertexData = getByteBuffer(values);
int vertexCount = values.length;
int vertexSize = VertexPosUV.BYTES;
VertexBuffer vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer.Builder()
.bufferCount(1)
.vertexCount(vertexCount)
.attribute(VertexAttribute.POSITION, 0, AttributeType.FLOAT3, 0, vertexSize)
.attribute(VertexAttribute.UV0, 0, AttributeType.FLOAT2, 3 * Float.BYTES, vertexSize)
.build(mEngine);
vertexBuffer.setBufferAt(mEngine, 0, vertexData);
return vertexBuffer;
}
private IndexBuffer getIndexBuffer(short[] values) { // 获取顶点索引缓存
ByteBuffer indexData = getByteBuffer(values);
int indexCount = values.length;
IndexBuffer indexBuffer = new IndexBuffer.Builder()
.indexCount(indexCount)
.bufferType(IndexBuffer.Builder.IndexType.USHORT)
.build(mEngine);
indexBuffer.setBuffer(mEngine, indexData);
return indexBuffer;
}
private ByteBuffer getByteBuffer(float[] values) { // float数组转换为ByteBuffer
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(values.length * Float.BYTES);
byteBuffer.order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
for (int i = 0; i MaterialUtils.java
package com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.utils;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.AssetFileDescriptor;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.util.Log;
import com.google.android.filament.Engine;
import com.google.android.filament.Material;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.Buffer;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.Channels;
import java.nio.channels.ReadableByteChannel;
/**
* 材质工具类
*/
public class MaterialUtils {
private static String TAG = "MaterialUtils";
public static Material loadMaterial(Context context, Engine engine, String materialPath) { // 加载材质
Buffer buffer = readUncompressedAsset(context, materialPath);
if (buffer != null) {
Material material = (new Material.Builder()).payload(buffer, buffer.remaining()).build(engine);
material.compile(
Material.CompilerPriorityQueue.HIGH,
Material.UserVariantFilterBit.ALL,
new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()),
() -> Log.i(TAG, "Material " + material.getName() + " compiled."));
engine.flush();
return material;
}
return null;
}
private static Buffer readUncompressedAsset(Context context, String assetPath) { // 加载资源
ByteBuffer dist = null;
try {
AssetFileDescriptor fd = context.getAssets().openFd(assetPath);
try(FileInputStream fis = fd.createInputStream()) {
dist = ByteBuffer.allocate((int) fd.getLength());
try (ReadableByteChannel src = Channels.newChannel(fis)) {
src.read(dist);
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (dist != null) {
return dist.rewind();
}
return null;
}
}
MeshUtils.java
package com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.utils;
import android.content.Context;
import android.util.Log;
import com.google.android.filament.Box;
import com.google.android.filament.Engine;
import com.google.android.filament.IndexBuffer;
import com.google.android.filament.VertexBuffer;
import com.google.android.filament.VertexBuffer.AttributeType;
import com.google.android.filament.VertexBuffer.VertexAttribute;
import com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.base.Mesh;
import com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.base.Mesh.Part;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import java.nio.channels.Channels;
import java.nio.channels.ReadableByteChannel;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* 网格工具类
*/
public class MeshUtils {
private static final String FILAMESH_FILE_IDENTIFIER = "FILAMESH";
private static final long HEADER_FLAG_SNORM16_UV = 0x2L;
private static final long MAX_UINT32 = 4294967295L;
public static Mesh loadMesh(Context context, Engine engine, String meshPath) {
try (InputStream inputStream = context.getAssets().open(meshPath)) {
Header header = readHeader(inputStream);
ReadableByteChannel channel = Channels.newChannel(inputStream);
ByteBuffer vertexBufferData = readSizedData(channel, header.verticesSizeInBytes);
ByteBuffer indexBufferData = readSizedData(channel, header.indicesSizeInBytes);
List parts = readParts(header, inputStream);
List materialNames = readMaterials(inputStream);
VertexBuffer vertexBuffer = createVertexBuffer(engine, header, vertexBufferData);
IndexBuffer indexBuffer = createIndexBuffer(engine, header, indexBufferData);
return new Mesh(engine, vertexBuffer, indexBuffer, parts, header.aabb, materialNames);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
private static Header readHeader(InputStream input) { // 读取文件头信息
Header header = new Header();
if (!readMagicNumber(input)) {
Log.e("Filament", "Invalid filamesh file.");
return header;
}
header.versionNumber = readUIntLE(input);
header.parts = readUIntLE(input);
header.aabb = new Box(
readFloat32LE(input), readFloat32LE(input), readFloat32LE(input),
readFloat32LE(input), readFloat32LE(input), readFloat32LE(input));
header.flags = readUIntLE(input);
header.posOffset = readUIntLE(input);
header.positionStride = readUIntLE(input);
header.tangentOffset = readUIntLE(input);
header.tangentStride = readUIntLE(input);
header.colorOffset = readUIntLE(input);
header.colorStride = readUIntLE(input);
header.uv0Offset = readUIntLE(input);
header.uv0Stride = readUIntLE(input);
header.uv1Offset = readUIntLE(input);
header.uv1Stride = readUIntLE(input);
header.totalVertices = readUIntLE(input);
header.verticesSizeInBytes = readUIntLE(input);
header.indices16Bit = readUIntLE(input);
header.totalIndices = readUIntLE(input);
header.indicesSizeInBytes = readUIntLE(input);
header.valid = true;
return header;
}
private static ByteBuffer readSizedData(ReadableByteChannel channel, int sizeInBytes) { // 读取模型顶点数据
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(sizeInBytes);
buffer.order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
try {
channel.read(buffer);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
buffer.flip();
return buffer;
}
private static List readParts(Header header, InputStream input) { // 读取子网格属性
List parts = new ArrayList(header.parts);
for (int i = 0; i readMaterials(InputStream input) { // 读取材质
int numMaterials = readUIntLE(input);
List materials = new ArrayList(numMaterials);
for (int i = 0; i -1 && header.uv1Stride > -1) {
vertexBufferBuilder
.attribute(VertexAttribute.UV1, 0, uvType, header.uv1Offset, header.uv1Stride)
.normalized(VertexAttribute.UV1, uvNormalized(header));
}
VertexBuffer buffer = vertexBufferBuilder.build(engine);
buffer.setBufferAt(engine, 0, data);
return buffer;
}
private static AttributeType uvType(Header header) { // UV坐标的精度类型
if (uvNormalized(header)) {
return AttributeType.SHORT2;
}
return AttributeType.HALF2;
}
private static boolean uvNormalized(Header header) { // uv坐标是否已正则化
return (header.flags & HEADER_FLAG_SNORM16_UV) != 0L;
}
private static int readIntLE(InputStream input) { // 获取输入流中Little Endian格式的整数
try {
return (input.read() & 0xff) |
((input.read() & 0xff) TextureUtils.java
package com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.utils;
import android.content.Context;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.util.Log;
import com.google.android.filament.Engine;
import com.google.android.filament.Texture;
import com.google.android.filament.android.TextureHelper;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
/**
* 纹理工具类
*/
public class TextureUtils {
private static String TAG = "TextureUtils";
public static final boolean SKIP_BITMAP_COPY = true;
public static Texture loadTexture(Context context, Engine engine, String texturePath, TextureType type) { // 获取Texture
Bitmap bitmap = loadBitmapFromAsset(context, texturePath);
if (bitmap != null) {
return generateTexture(engine, bitmap, type);
}
return null;
}
public static Texture loadTexture(Context context, Engine engine, int resourceId, TextureType type) { // 获取Texture
Bitmap bitmap = loadBitmapFromDrawable(context, resourceId, type);
if (bitmap != null) {
return generateTexture(engine, bitmap, type);
}
return null;
}
private static Texture generateTexture(Engine engine, Bitmap bitmap, TextureType type) { // 生成Texture
Texture texture = new Texture.Builder()
.width(bitmap.getWidth())
.height(bitmap.getHeight())
.sampler(Texture.Sampler.SAMPLER_2D)
.format(internalFormat(type))
.levels(0xff)
.build(engine);
if (SKIP_BITMAP_COPY) {
TextureHelper.setBitmap(engine, texture, 0, bitmap, new Handler(), () ->
Log.i(TAG, "getTexture, Bitmap is released.")
);
} else {
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(bitmap.getByteCount());
bitmap.copyPixelsToBuffer(buffer);
buffer.flip();
Texture.PixelBufferDescriptor descriptor = new Texture.PixelBufferDescriptor(
buffer,
format(bitmap),
type(bitmap));
texture.setImage(engine, 0, descriptor);
}
texture.generateMipmaps(engine);
return texture;
}
private static Bitmap loadBitmapFromAsset(Context context, String assetPath) { // 从asset中加载bitmap
Bitmap bitmap = null;
try (InputStream inputStream = context.getAssets().open(assetPath)) {
bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return bitmap;
}
private static Bitmap loadBitmapFromDrawable(Context context, int resourceId, TextureType type) { // 从drawable中加载bitmap
BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inPremultiplied = (type == TextureType.COLOR);
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeResource(context.getResources(), resourceId, options);
return bitmap;
}
private static Texture.InternalFormat internalFormat(TextureType type) { // 获取纹理类型对应的内部格式
switch (type) {
case COLOR:
return Texture.InternalFormat.SRGB8_A8;
case NORMAL:
case DATA:
return Texture.InternalFormat.RGBA8;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported texture type: " + type);
}
}
private static Texture.Format format(Bitmap bitmap) { // 获取bitmap的纹理类型对应的Texture的纹理格式
switch (bitmap.getConfig().name()) {
case "ALPHA_8":
return Texture.Format.ALPHA;
case "RGB_565":
return Texture.Format.RGB;
case "ARGB_8888":
case "RGBA_F16":
return Texture.Format.RGBA;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown bitmap configuration");
}
}
private static Texture.Type type(Bitmap bitmap) { // 获取bitmap的纹理类型对应的Texture的纹理类型
switch (bitmap.getConfig().name()) {
case "ALPHA_8":
return Texture.Type.USHORT;
case "RGB_565":
return Texture.Type.USHORT_565;
case "ARGB_8888":
return Texture.Type.UBYTE;
case "RGBA_F16":
return Texture.Type.HALF;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported bitmap configuration");
}
}
/**
* 纹理类型
*/
public enum TextureType {
COLOR,
NORMAL,
DATA
}
}
IBLUtils.java
package com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.utils;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.AssetManager;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.util.Pair;
import com.google.android.filament.Engine;
import com.google.android.filament.IndirectLight;
import com.google.android.filament.Skybox;
import com.google.android.filament.Texture;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
/**
* 基于图片的光照工具类
*/
public class IBLUtils {
public static Ibl loadImageBasedLight(Context context, Engine engine, String path) { // 加载ibl
Pair pair1 = loadIndirectLight(context.getAssets(), engine, path);
Pair pair2 = loadSkybox(context.getAssets(), engine, path);
return new Ibl(pair1.first, pair1.second, pair2.first, pair2.second);
}
private static Pair loadIndirectLight(AssetManager assets, Engine engine, String path) { // 加载非直射光
Pair size = peekSize(assets, path + "/m0_nx.rgb32f");
Texture texture = new Texture.Builder()
.width(size.first)
.height(size.second)
.levels((int) log2(size.first) + 1)
.format(Texture.InternalFormat.R11F_G11F_B10F)
.sampler(Texture.Sampler.SAMPLER_CUBEMAP)
.build(engine);
for (int i = 0; i (indirectLight, texture);
}
private static Pair loadSkybox(AssetManager assets, Engine engine, String path) { // 加载天空盒子
Pair size = peekSize(assets, path + "/nx.rgb32f");
Texture texture = new Texture.Builder()
.width(size.first)
.height(size.second)
.levels(1)
.format(Texture.InternalFormat.R11F_G11F_B10F)
.sampler(Texture.Sampler.SAMPLER_CUBEMAP)
.build(engine);
loadCubemap(assets, engine, texture, path, "", 0);
Skybox skybox = new Skybox.Builder().environment(texture).build(engine);
return new Pair(skybox, texture);
}
private static boolean loadCubemap(AssetManager assets, Engine engine, Texture texture, String path,
String prefix, int level) { // 加载立方体纹理
// alpha通道不编码不透明度, 而是编码R11G11B10F图像的一些位来表示HDR数据, 我们必须告诉Android不要将RGB通道预先乘以alpha通道
BitmapFactory.Options opts = new BitmapFactory.Options();
opts.inPremultiplied = false;
// R11G11B10F总是4字节每像素
int faceSize = texture.getWidth(level) * texture.getHeight(level) * 4;
int[] offsets = new int[6];
for (int i = 0; i peekSize(AssetManager assets, String path) { // 获取图片尺寸
try (InputStream input = assets.open(path)) {
BitmapFactory.Options opts = new BitmapFactory.Options();
opts.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
BitmapFactory.decodeStream(input, null, opts);
return new Pair(opts.outWidth, opts.outHeight);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return new Pair(-1, -1);
}
/**
* 基于图片的光照类
* Image Based Lighting, IBL
*/
public static class Ibl {
public IndirectLight indirectLight;
public Texture indirectLightTexture;
public Skybox skybox;
public Texture skyboxTexture;
public Ibl() {}
public Ibl(IndirectLight indirectLight, Texture indirectLightTexture, Skybox skybox, Texture skyboxTexture) {
this.indirectLight = indirectLight;
this.indirectLightTexture = indirectLightTexture;
this.skybox = skybox;
this.skyboxTexture = skyboxTexture;
}
}
}
2.2 业务类
MainActivity.java
package com.zhyan8.pbr;
import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.base.FLSurfaceView;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private FLSurfaceView mFLSurfaceView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mFLSurfaceView = new MyFLSurfaceView(this);
setContentView(mFLSurfaceView);
mFLSurfaceView.init();
mFLSurfaceView.setRenderMode(FLSurfaceView.RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY);
}
@Override
public void onResume() {
super.onResume();
mFLSurfaceView.onResume();
}
@Override
public void onPause() {
super.onPause();
mFLSurfaceView.onPause();
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
mFLSurfaceView.onDestroy();
}
}
MyFLSurfaceView.java
package com.zhyan8.pbr;
import android.content.Context;
import com.google.android.filament.Camera;
import com.google.android.filament.Colors;
import com.google.android.filament.EntityManager;
import com.google.android.filament.LightManager;
import com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.base.BaseModel;
import com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.base.FLSurfaceView;
import com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.utils.IBLUtils;
public class MyFLSurfaceView extends FLSurfaceView {
private BaseModel mMyModel;
private int mLight;
private IBLUtils.Ibl mIbl; // 基于图片的光照
private float mRotateAgree = 0;
public MyFLSurfaceView(Context context) {
super(context);
}
public void init() {
mSkyboxColor = new float[] {0.35f, 0.35f, 0.35f, 1};
super.init();
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
destroyIbl();
mMyModel.destroy();
mEngine.destroyEntity(mLight);
EntityManager.get().destroy(mLight);
super.onDestroy();
}
@Override
protected void setupScene() { // 设置Scene参数
mMyModel = new MyModel(getContext(), mEngine);
mScene.addEntity(mMyModel.getRenderable());
setupLight();
LoadIbl();
addRenderCallback(() -> cameraTransform());
}
@Override
protected void onResized(int width, int height) {
double aspect = (double) width / (double) height;
mCamera.setProjection(45.0, aspect, 0.1, 1000.0, Camera.Fov.VERTICAL);
mCamera.lookAt(0, 1.5, 0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
}
private void setupLight() {
mLight = EntityManager.get().create();
float[] color = Colors.cct(6_500.0f);
new LightManager.Builder(LightManager.Type.DIRECTIONAL)
.color(color[0], color[1], color[2])
.intensity(110_000.0f)
.direction(-0.753f, -1.0f, 0.890f)
.castShadows(true)
.build(mEngine, mLight);
mScene.addEntity(mLight);
}
private void LoadIbl() {
mIbl = IBLUtils.loadImageBasedLight(getContext(), mEngine, "envs/flower_road_no_sun_2k");
mIbl.indirectLight.setIntensity(40_000.0f);
mScene.setSkybox(mIbl.skybox);
mScene.setIndirectLight(mIbl.indirectLight);
}
private void destroyIbl() {
mEngine.destroySkybox(mIbl.skybox);
mEngine.destroyTexture(mIbl.skyboxTexture);
mEngine.destroyIndirectLight(mIbl.indirectLight);
mEngine.destroyTexture(mIbl.indirectLightTexture);
}
private void cameraTransform() {
// cube
//float radius = 8;
//float eyeY = 1.5f;
// spider_bot
//float radius = 400;
//float eyeY = 150;
// shader_ball
float radius = 5.5f;
float eyeY = 1.5f;
mRotateAgree += 0.005f;
double x = Math.cos(mRotateAgree) * radius;
double z = Math.sin(mRotateAgree) * radius;
mCamera.lookAt(x, eyeY, z, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
}
}
MyModel.java
package com.zhyan8.pbr;
import android.content.Context;
import android.opengl.Matrix;
import com.google.android.filament.Engine;
import com.google.android.filament.MaterialInstance;
import com.google.android.filament.RenderableManager.PrimitiveType;
import com.google.android.filament.Texture;
import com.google.android.filament.TextureSampler;
import com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.base.BaseModel;
import com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.utils.MeshUtils;
import com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.utils.TextureUtils;
import com.zhyan8.pbr.filament.utils.TextureUtils.TextureType;
public class MyModel extends BaseModel {
private String materialPath = "materials/textured_pbr.filamat";
//private String meshPath = "models/cube.filamesh";
//private String meshPath = "models/spider_bot.filamesh";
private String meshPath = "models/shader_ball.filamesh";
private Texture mBaseColor;
private Texture mNormal;
private Texture mAoRoughnessMetallic;
public MyModel(Context context, Engine engine) {
super(context, engine);
init();
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
mEngine.destroyTexture(mBaseColor);
mEngine.destroyTexture(mNormal);
mEngine.destroyTexture(mAoRoughnessMetallic);
super.destroy();
}
private void init() {
mMaterials = loadMaterials(materialPath);
mMaterialInstances = getMaterialInstance(mMaterials);
setupMaterial(mMaterialInstances[0]);
mMaterialMap.put("DefaultMaterial", mMaterialInstances[0]);
mMesh = MeshUtils.loadMesh(mContext, mEngine, meshPath);
mRenderable = getRenderable(PrimitiveType.TRIANGLES);
mTransformComponent = mTransformManager.getInstance(mRenderable);
transformModel();
}
private void setupMaterial(MaterialInstance materialInstance) {
mBaseColor = TextureUtils.loadTexture(mContext, mEngine, "textures/floor_basecolor.png", TextureType.COLOR);
mNormal = TextureUtils.loadTexture(mContext, mEngine, "textures/floor_normal.png", TextureType.NORMAL);
mAoRoughnessMetallic = TextureUtils.loadTexture(mContext, mEngine,
"textures/floor_ao_roughness_metallic.png", TextureType.DATA);
TextureSampler sampler = new TextureSampler();
sampler.setAnisotropy(8.0f);
materialInstance.setParameter("baseColor", mBaseColor, sampler);
materialInstance.setParameter("normal", mNormal, sampler);
materialInstance.setParameter("aoRoughnessMetallic", mAoRoughnessMetallic, sampler);
}
private void transformModel() {
float[] modelMatrix = new float[16];
Matrix.setIdentityM(modelMatrix, 0);
// cube
//Matrix.translateM(modelMatrix, 0, 0, -0.5f, 0);
// spider_bot
//Matrix.setRotateM(modelMatrix, 0, 90, -1, 0, 0);
//Matrix.translateM(modelMatrix, 0, 0, 0, -70);
// shader_ball
Matrix.translateM(modelMatrix, 0, 0, -1.2f, 0);
mTransformManager.setTransform(mTransformComponent, modelMatrix);
}
}
textured_pbr.mat
material {
name : textured_pbr,
shadingModel : lit,
// 自定义变量参数
parameters : [
{
type : sampler2d,
name : baseColor // 基础颜色
},
{
type : sampler2d,
name : aoRoughnessMetallic // 环境光遮蔽、粗糙度、金属度
},
{
type : sampler2d,
name : normal // 法线
}
],
// 顶点着色器入参MaterialVertexInputs中需要的顶点属性
requires: [
uv0
]
}
fragment {
void material(inout MaterialInputs material) {
material.normal = texture(materialParams_normal, getUV0()).xyz * 2.0 - 1.0; // 法线纹理必须在prepareMaterial之前解析
prepareMaterial(material);
material.baseColor = texture(materialParams_baseColor, getUV0());
vec3 aoRoughnessMetallic = texture(materialParams_aoRoughnessMetallic, getUV0()).rgb;
material.ambientOcclusion = aoRoughnessMetallic.r; // 环境光遮蔽
material.roughness = aoRoughnessMetallic.g; // 粗糙度
material.metallic = aoRoughnessMetallic.b; // 金属度
}
}
transform.bat
@echo off
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
echo transform materials
set "srcMatDir=../src/main/raw/materials"
set "distMatDir=../src/main/assets/materials"
for %%f in ("%srcMatDir%*.mat") do (
set "matfile=%%~nf"
matc -p mobile -a opengl -o "!matfile!.filamat" "%%f"
move "!matfile!.filamat" "%distMatDir%!matfile!.filamat"
)
echo transform mesh
set "srcMeshDir=../src/main/raw/models"
set "distMeshDir=../src/main/assets/models"
for %%f in ("%srcMeshDir%*.obj" "%srcMeshDir%*.fbx") do (
set "meshfile=%%~nf"
filamesh "%%f" "!meshfile!.filamesh"
move "!meshfile!.filamesh" "%distMeshDir%!meshfile!.filamesh"
)
echo Processing complete.
pause
说明：需要将 matc.exe 文件、filamesh.exe 文件与 transform.bat 文件放在同一个目录下面，matc.exe 和 filamesh.exe 源自Filament环境搭建中编译生成的 exe 文件。双击 transform.bat 文件，会自动将 /src/main/raw/materials 下面的所有 mat 文件全部转换为 filamat 文件，并移到 /src/main/assets/materials/ 目录下面，同时自动将 /src/main/raw/models下面的所有 obj 或 fbx 文件全部转换为 filamesh 文件，并移到 /src/main/assets/models/ 目录下面。
加载 spider_bot 模型运行效果如下。
加载 shader_ball 模型运行效果如下。
声明：本文转自【Filament】基于物理的光照（PBR）。
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