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HTTP请求,在日常开发中,还是比较常见的,今天给大家分享HttpUtils如何使用。
阅读本文,你将收获:
- 简单总结HTTP请求常用配置;
- JavaLib中HttpUtils如何使用;
- 如何封装HTTP请求工具类。
第一部分:简单总结HTTP请求常用配置
大家好,在 Java 开发中,经常遇到需要调用第三方提供的接口服务,常见的形式是 HTTP + JSON,下面,就对 http 请求常见的设置,做一个说明
http提供多种请求方式,以满足我们日常需要,先按请求方式来做说明:
- GET
- POST
- PUT
- PATCH
- DELETE
在 RESTful API 开发中,我们可以根据这些请求方式设计我们的API接口。举例:
- GET:获取资源
- POST:提交资源
- PUT:更新完整资源
- PATCH:更新部分资源
- DELETE:删除资源
参数格式
- form表单
- json
其他
- 超时时间设置
第二部分:使用JavaLib的HttpUtils
简单的get请求
System.out.println(HttpUtils.get("https://www.baidu.com"));
响应结果:
通过简单尝试,证明两点:
- 一是,这个还是可以使用的;
- 二是,原来使用如此简单。
如果要你手写一个http请求,或许你脑海里一篇空白,会去搜索各种资料。
我们再试一个复杂的
接口:
接口地址:https://erwin-api.fengwenyi.com/erwin/blog/page
请求方法:GET
参数:currentPage,pageSize
参数格式:form
响应:application/json
String url = "https://erwin-api.fengwenyi.com/erwin/bookmark/page?currentPage=1&pageSize=10";
Request request = new Request();
request.setUrl(url);
request.setMethod(Request.Method.GET);
Map headerMap = new HashMap();
headerMap.put("Accept", "application/json");
Request.Option option = new Request.Option();
option.setHeaders(headerMap);
try {
System.out.println(HttpUtils.execute(request, option));
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
响应结果:
{
"code":"SUCCESS",
"message":"Success",
"success":true,
"header":null,
"body":{
"currentPage":1,
"pageSize":10,
"totalRows":661,
"totalPages":67,
"content":[
{
"id":"1634772578877935617",
"timestamp":1678595130000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"VScode 中文显示出现黄色方框的解决方法_vscode汉字被框住_YJer的博客-CSDN博客",
"url":"https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33249042/article/details/123252625",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"软件",
"classifyId":"1522587269600481281"
},
{
"id":"1632640455110922241",
"timestamp":1678086792000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"Spring中init-method和destroy-method的四种方式_星夜孤帆的博客-CSDN博客",
"url":"https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38826019/article/details/117387398",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"Spring",
"classifyId":"1522586360887742466"
},
{
"id":"1631597310596190209",
"timestamp":1677838087000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"vue3 + elemenplus实现导航栏 - 掘金",
"url":"https://juejin.cn/post/7084871748608327687",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"前端",
"classifyId":"1525554881275990018"
},
{
"id":"1631593154401636354",
"timestamp":1677837096000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"Spring bean 创建过程源码解析 - 腾讯云开发者社区-腾讯云",
"url":"https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1631160",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"Spring",
"classifyId":"1522586360887742466"
},
{
"id":"1631592987673858050",
"timestamp":1677837056000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"SpringBoot之容器启动源码分析与Bean加载_springboot加载bean 源码_minemine0418的博客-CSDN博客",
"url":"https://blog.csdn.net/minemine0418/article/details/102308912",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"Spring Boot",
"classifyId":"1522586446766116865"
},
{
"id":"1631586585454678018",
"timestamp":1677835530000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"Spring-Bean生命周期 - 知乎",
"url":"https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/158468104",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"Spring",
"classifyId":"1522586360887742466"
},
{
"id":"1631579732104548354",
"timestamp":1677833896000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"一文读懂 Spring Bean 的生命周期_spring bean的生命周期_老周聊架构的博客-CSDN博客",
"url":"https://blog.csdn.net/riemann_/article/details/118500805",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"Spring",
"classifyId":"1522586360887742466"
},
{
"id":"1630768897186697218",
"timestamp":1677640578000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"MySQL同时统计多个条件的记录条数_ztnhnr的博客-CSDN博客",
"url":"https://blog.csdn.net/ztnhnr/article/details/107165942",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"MySQL",
"classifyId":"1522586805693681666"
},
{
"id":"1630768792098410497",
"timestamp":1677640553000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"sql查询近七天,近两周,近一个月的数据_sql最近一周数据_心诚则灵'的博客-CSDN博客",
"url":"https://blog.csdn.net/wenchangwenliu/article/details/119891790",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"MySQL",
"classifyId":"1522586805693681666"
},
{
"id":"1630480535938764801",
"timestamp":1677571827000,
"enabledState":null,
"name":"开源流程引擎哪个好,如何选型? - 知乎",
"url":"https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/369761832",
"icon":null,
"classifyName":"Java",
"classifyId":"1522586296119300097"
}
]
}
}
响应结果,还是符合预期的。
当然,HTTP还有其他,比如超时等等,下面看看完整版的请求示例:
Map paramMap = new HashMap();
paramMap.put("currentPage", 1);
paramMap.put("pageSize", 10);
Map headerMap = new HashMap();
headerMap.put("Accept", "application/json");
Request request = new Request();
request.setUrl("https://erwin-api.fengwenyi.com/erwin/bookmark/page");
request.setParam(paramMap);
request.setMethod(Request.Method.GET);
request.setUtil(Request.Util.OkHttp);
Request.Option option = new Request.Option();
option.setHeaders(headerMap);
option.setConnectTimeoutSecond(3);
option.setReadTimeoutSecond(5);
option.setLogLevel(Request.LogLevel.DEBUG);
try {
String result = HttpUtils.execute(request, option);
System.out.println(result);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
响应结果也是跟上面一样的。
第三部分:分享HttpUtils是如何封装的
首先是 Request
和 Response
对应HTTP的请求和响应,包路径如下:
- com.fengwenyi.javalib.http.Request
- com.fengwenyi.javalib.http.Response
另外,com.fengwenyi.javalib.http.Request.Option
来存放HTTP参数配置。
这一部分的思路来源是 Spring Cloud OpenFeign。
为了兼容多种HTTP工具实现请求,引入了 HttpClientFactory
,其他工具类,只要实现 HttpClient
接口,就行。
- com.fengwenyi.javalib.http.client.HttpClient
- com.fengwenyi.javalib.http.client.HttpClientFactory
欧克,下面我们就以代码来看看:
HttpUtils#execute
public static String execute(Request request, Request.Option option) throws IOException {
check(request);
HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientFactory.get(request.getUtil());
Response response = httpClient.execute(request, option);
return handleResponse(response);
}
HttpClientFactory#get
public static HttpClient get(Request.Util httpUtil) {
if (Request.Util.JDK == httpUtil) {
return new JdkHttpClient();
} else if (Request.Util.OkHttp == httpUtil) {
return new OkHttpClient();
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("not find http util: " + httpUtil.name());
}
}
所以,只需要实现 HttpClient#execute
接口就行。
Response execute(Request request, Request.Option option) throws IOException;
源码:https://github.com/fengwenyi/JavaLib
好了,今天的分享就到这里了。我是小冯,一名Java程序员,专注于程序设计和开发,如果你在开发上遇到问题,欢迎一起交流,微信公众号:冯文议(ID:fwy-world)。
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