深度学习–LSTM网络、使用方法、实战情感分类问题

1.LSTM基础

长短期记忆网络（Long Short-Term Memory，简称LSTM），是RNN的一种，为了解决RNN存在长期依赖问题而设计出来的。

LSTM的基本结构：

2.LSTM的具体说明

LSTM与RNN的结构相比，在参数更新的过程中，增加了三个门，由左到右分别是遗忘门（也称记忆门）、输入门、输出门。

图片来源：

https://www.elecfans.com/d/672083.html

1.点乘操作决定多少信息可以传送过去，当为0时，不传送；当为1时，全部传送。

2.1 遗忘门

对于输入xt和ht-1，遗忘门会输出一个值域为[0, 1]的数字，放进Ct−1中。当为0时，全部删除；当为1时，全部保留。

2.2 输入门

对于对于输入xt和ht-1，输入门会选择信息的去留，并且通过tanh激活函数更新临时Ct

通过遗忘门和输入门输出累加，更新最终的Ct

2.3输出门

通过Ct和输出门，更新memory

3.PyTorch的LSTM使用方法

__ init __(input _ size, hidden_size,num _layers)
LSTM.foward():

out,[ht,ct] = lstm(x,[ht-1,ct-1])

x:[一句话单词数，batch几句话，表示的维度]

h/c:[层数，batch，记忆(参数)的维度]

out:[一句话单词数，batch，参数的维度]

import torch
import torch.nn as nn

lstm = nn.LSTM(input_size = 100,hidden_size = 20,num_layers = 4)
print(lstm)
#LSTM(100, 20, num_layers=4)

x = torch.randn(10,3,100)
out,(h,c)=lstm(x)

print(out.shape,h.shape,c.shape)
#torch.Size([10, 3, 20]) torch.Size([4, 3, 20]) torch.Size([4, 3, 20])

单层使用方法：

cell = nn.LSTMCell(input_size = 100,hidden_size=20)

x = torch.randn(10,3,100)
h = torch.zeros(3,20)
c = torch.zeros(3,20)

for xt in x:
    h,c = cell(xt,[h,c])
    
print(h.shape,c.shape)

#torch.Size([3, 20]) torch.Size([3, 20])

LSTM实战–情感分类问题

Google CoLab环境，需要魔法。

import torch
from torch import nn, optim
from torchtext import data, datasets

print('GPU:', torch.cuda.is_available())

torch.manual_seed(123)

TEXT = data.Field(tokenize='spacy')
LABEL = data.LabelField(dtype=torch.float)
train_data, test_data = datasets.IMDB.splits(TEXT, LABEL)

print('len of train data:', len(train_data))
print('len of test data:', len(test_data))

print(train_data.examples[15].text)
print(train_data.examples[15].label)

# word2vec, glove
TEXT.build_vocab(train_data, max_size=10000, vectors='glove.6B.100d')
LABEL.build_vocab(train_data)


batchsz = 30
device = torch.device('cuda')
train_iterator, test_iterator = data.BucketIterator.splits(
    (train_data, test_data),
    batch_size = batchsz,
    device=device
)

class RNN(nn.Module):
    
    def __init__(self, vocab_size, embedding_dim, hidden_dim):
        """
        """
        super(RNN, self).__init__()
        
        # [0-10001] => [100]
        self.embedding = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embedding_dim)
        # [100] => [256]
        self.rnn = nn.LSTM(embedding_dim, hidden_dim, num_layers=2, 
                           bidirectional=True, dropout=0.5)
        # [256*2] => [1]
        self.fc = nn.Linear(hidden_dim*2, 1)
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(0.5)
        
        
    def forward(self, x):
        """
        x: [seq_len, b] vs [b, 3, 28, 28]
        """
        # [seq, b, 1] => [seq, b, 100]
        embedding = self.dropout(self.embedding(x))
        
        # output: [seq, b, hid_dim*2]
        # hidden/h: [num_layers*2, b, hid_dim]
        # cell/c: [num_layers*2, b, hid_di]
        output, (hidden, cell) = self.rnn(embedding)
        
        # [num_layers*2, b, hid_dim] => 2 of [b, hid_dim] => [b, hid_dim*2]
        hidden = torch.cat([hidden[-2], hidden[-1]], dim=1)
        
        # [b, hid_dim*2] => [b, 1]
        hidden = self.dropout(hidden)
        out = self.fc(hidden)
        
        return out

rnn = RNN(len(TEXT.vocab), 100, 256)

pretrained_embedding = TEXT.vocab.vectors
print('pretrained_embedding:', pretrained_embedding.shape)
rnn.embedding.weight.data.copy_(pretrained_embedding)
print('embedding layer inited.')

optimizer = optim.Adam(rnn.parameters(), lr=1e-3)
criteon = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss().to(device)
rnn.to(device)

import numpy as np

def binary_acc(preds, y):
    """
    get accuracy
    """
    preds = torch.round(torch.sigmoid(preds))
    correct = torch.eq(preds, y).float()
    acc = correct.sum() / len(correct)
    return acc

def train(rnn, iterator, optimizer, criteon):
    
    avg_acc = []
    rnn.train()
    
    for i, batch in enumerate(iterator):
        
        # [seq, b] => [b, 1] => [b]
        pred = rnn(batch.text).squeeze(1)
        # 
        loss = criteon(pred, batch.label)
        acc = binary_acc(pred, batch.label).item()
        avg_acc.append(acc)
        
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()
        
        if i%10 == 0:
            print(i, acc)
        
    avg_acc = np.array(avg_acc).mean()
    print('avg acc:', avg_acc)
    
    
def eval(rnn, iterator, criteon):
    
    avg_acc = []
    
    rnn.eval()
    
    with torch.no_grad():
        for batch in iterator:

            # [b, 1] => [b]
            pred = rnn(batch.text).squeeze(1)

            #
            loss = criteon(pred, batch.label)

            acc = binary_acc(pred, batch.label).item()
            avg_acc.append(acc)
        
    avg_acc = np.array(avg_acc).mean()
    
    print('>>test:', avg_acc)

for epoch in range(10):
    
    eval(rnn, test_iterator, criteon)
    train(rnn, train_iterator, optimizer, criteon)

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