SpringBoot中注入Servlet&Filter&Listener
1.基本介绍
文档:SpringBoot中注入Servlet&Filter&Listener
- 考虑到实际开发业务非常复杂和兼容问题,SpringBoot支持将Servlet、Filter、Listener注入spring容器中,成为Spring Bean
- 也就是说,SpringBoot开放了和原生WEB组件(Servlet、Filter、Listener)的兼容
- SpringBoot注入Servlet、Filter、Listener,有两种方式:
- 通过注解方式注入
- 使用RegistrationBean方式注入
2.通过注解方式注入
2.1@WebServlet
属性名 | 对应标签 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
name |
|
指定 Servlet 的 name 属性。 如果没有显式指定,则取值为该 Servlet 的完全限定名,即包名+类名 |
value |
|
该属性等价于 urlPatterns 属性,两者不能同时指定。 如果同时指定,通常是忽略 value 的取值 |
urlPatterns |
|
指定一组 Servlet 的 URL 匹配模式 |
loadOnStartup |
|
指定 Servlet 的加载顺序 |
initParams |
|
指定一组 Servlet 初始化参数 |
asyncSupported |
|
声明 Servlet 是否支持异步操作模式 |
description |
|
指定该 Servlet 的描述信息 |
displayName |
|
指定该 Servlet 的显示名 |
例子–使用@WebServlet注入Servlet
(1)MyServlet.java
-
通过继承HttpServlet来开发原生的Servlet
-
使用@WebServlet,表示将其标识的对象注入到Spring容器中
-
urlPatterns = {“servlet01″,”servlet02”} 对此servlet配置了映射路径
-
对于开发的原生的Servlet,需要使用@ServletComponentScan在SpringBoot主程序中,指定要扫描的原生Servlet,这样该Servlet才能注入容器
package com.li.thymeleaf.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author 李
* @version 1.0
*/
@WebServlet(urlPatterns = {"/servlet01", "/servlet02"})
public class MyServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
resp.getWriter().write("Hello,MyServlet!");
}
}
(2)Application.java主程序
package com.li.thymeleaf;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan;
/**
* @author 李
* @version 1.0
*/
//指定扫描Servlet
@ServletComponentScan(basePackages = "com.li.thymeleaf")
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class,args);
}
}
(3)浏览器访问地址:http://localhost:8080/servlet01
获者 http://localhost:8080/servlet02
,返回如下:
注意:注入的Servlet不会被SpringBoot的拦截器拦截(因为原生Servlet和前端控制器DispatcherServlet是统一级别的,而拦截器在DispatcherServlet中)
2.2@WebFilter
属性名 | 说 明 |
---|---|
description | 该过滤器的描述信息,等价于 标签。 |
displayName | 该过滤器的显示名,通常配合工具使用,等价于 标签 |
initParams | 指定一组过滤器初始化参数,等价于 标签。 |
filterName | 指定过滤器的 name 属性,等价于
|
servletNames | 指定过滤器将应用于哪些 Servlet。取值是 @WebServlet 中的 name 属性的取值,或者是 web.xml 中 的取值 |
value/urlPatterns | 过滤器的 URL 匹配模式,等价于 标签 |
dispatcherTypes | 指定过滤器的转发模式。具体取值包括: ASYNC、ERROR、FORWARD、INCLUDE、REQUEST。 |
asyncSupported | 声明过滤器是否支持异步操作模式, 等价于 标签 |
例子–使用@WebFilter注入Filter
-
@WebFilter标识一个过滤器,并注入spring容器
-
urlPatterns = {"/css/*", "/images/*"}
表示请求/css/目录或者/images/目录下的资源时,请求会经过这个过滤器 -
需要在主程序中,指定要扫描的Filter,这样该Filter才能注入容器
package com.li.thymeleaf.filter;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author 李
* @version 1.0
* 开发Filter并注入spring容器
*/
@Slf4j
@WebFilter(urlPatterns = {"/css/*", "/images/*"})
public class MyFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
log.info("MyFilter的init()方法被执行...");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
log.info("MyFilter的doFilter()方法被执行...");
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
log.info("过滤器处理的uri={}", httpServletRequest.getRequestURI());
chain.doFilter(request, response);//放行
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
log.info("MyFilter的destroy()方法被执行...");
}
}
(2)在主程序中配置扫描该过滤器(略)
(3)在浏览器访问地址:http://localhost:8080/images/login.jpg
,后台输出:
2023-03-23 18:59:36.685 INFO 39228 --- [nio-8080-exec-6] com.li.thymeleaf.filter.MyFilter : MyFilter的doFilter()方法被执行...
2023-03-23 18:59:36.685 INFO 39228 --- [nio-8080-exec-6] com.li.thymeleaf.filter.MyFilter : 过滤器处理的uri=/images/login.jpg
有时候后台没有输出,可能是浏览器缓存问题
2.3@WebListener
(1)MyListener.java
package com.li.thymeleaf.listener;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener;
/**
* @author 李
* @version 1.0
*/
@Slf4j
@WebListener
public class MyListener implements ServletContextListener {
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
//可以加入项目初始化相关的业务
log.info("MyListener-contextInitialized()-项目初始化OK~");
}
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
//可以加入业务
log.info("MyListener-contextDestroyed()-项目初销毁...");
}
}
(2)在主程序 Application.java配置扫描该监听器
package com.li.thymeleaf;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext;
/**
* @author 李
* @version 1.0
*/
//指定扫描监听器
@ServletComponentScan(basePackages = "com.li.thymeleaf")
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext ioc =
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
//监听器的contextDestroyed()方法在容器销毁时触发
ioc.stop();
}
}
(3)启动项目,控制台输出:
3.使用RegistrationBean方式注入
RegistrationConfig.java:
package com.li.thymeleaf.config;
import com.li.thymeleaf.filter.MyFilter;
import com.li.thymeleaf.listener.MyListener;
import com.li.thymeleaf.servlet.MyServlet;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletListenerRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.Arrays;
/**
* @author 李
* @version 1.0
* RegistrationConfig是一个配置类,
* 默认为单实例模式 proxyBeanMethods=true
*/
@Configuration
public class RegistrationConfig {
//使用RegistrationBean方式注入Servlet
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean servlet_() {
MyServlet myServlet = new MyServlet();
//将myServlet关联到ServletRegistrationBean对象
//可以指定多个映射url
return new ServletRegistrationBean(myServlet, "/servlet01", "/servlet02");
}
//使用RegistrationBean方式注入Filter
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean filter_() {
MyFilter myFilter = new MyFilter();//创建原生的Filter对象
FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean(myFilter);
//设置filter的urlPattern
filterRegistrationBean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/css/*", "/images/*"));
return filterRegistrationBean;
}
//使用RegistrationBean方式注入Listener
@Bean
public ServletListenerRegistrationBean listener_() {
MyListener myListener = new MyListener();//创建原生的Listener对象
return new ServletListenerRegistrationBean(myListener);
}
}
使用RegistrationBean的方式注入,不必在主程序Application.java中配置扫描
运行程序,可以看到三个组件都被注入到容器中:
4.注意事项和细节
4.1请求自定义Servlet时,为什么不会到达拦截器?
原因分析:
注入的Servlet会存在Spring容器,DispatcherServlet也存在Spring容器。当多个Servlet都能处理到同一层路径时,存在精确优先原则/最长前缀匹配原则:**精准匹配 > 目录匹配 > 扩展名匹配 > /* > / **
如下图:当浏览器请求路径为/servlet01
时,MyServlet的映射路径对与浏览器请求来说是精准匹配,因此此时MyServlet的映射路径优先级高于前端控制器的 /
,请求路径会走tomcat流程,不会到达前端控制器,也就不会执行拦截器。
当然,在SpringBoot中,去调用@Controller目标方法,仍是按照DispatcherServlet分发匹配的机制
4.2DispatcherServlet在SpringBoot如何进行配置和注入
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration 完成对 DispatcherServlet 的自动配置。
DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration 类,有一个内部类:
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@Conditional(DefaultDispatcherServletCondition.class)
@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class)
protected static class DispatcherServletConfiguration {
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
//创建了DispatcherServlet对象,并进行一系列设置并返回。
public DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet(WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties) {
DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet = new DispatcherServlet();
dispatcherServlet.setDispatchOptionsRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchOptionsRequest());
dispatcherServlet.setDispatchTraceRequest(webMvcProperties.isDispatchTraceRequest());
dispatcherServlet.setThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound(webMvcProperties.isThrowExceptionIfNoHandlerFound());
dispatcherServlet.setPublishEvents(webMvcProperties.isPublishRequestHandledEvents());
dispatcherServlet.setEnableLoggingRequestDetails(webMvcProperties.isLogRequestDetails());
return dispatcherServlet;
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnBean(MultipartResolver.class)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = DispatcherServlet.MULTIPART_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME)
public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(MultipartResolver resolver) {
// Detect if the user has created a MultipartResolver but named it incorrectly
return resolver;
}
}
然后通过如下方法,创建DispatcherServletRegistrationBean对象,并将创建的DispatcherServlet对象关联到这个DispatcherServletRegistrationBean对象中,将DispatcherServletRegistrationBean对象通过@Bean注入到容器中。
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@Conditional(DispatcherServletRegistrationCondition.class)
@ConditionalOnClass(ServletRegistration.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(WebMvcProperties.class)
@Import(DispatcherServletConfiguration.class)
protected static class DispatcherServletRegistrationConfiguration {
@Bean(name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_REGISTRATION_BEAN_NAME)
@ConditionalOnBean(value = DispatcherServlet.class, name = DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME)
public DispatcherServletRegistrationBean dispatcherServletRegistration(DispatcherServlet dispatcherServlet,
WebMvcProperties webMvcProperties, ObjectProvider multipartConfig) {
DispatcherServletRegistrationBean registration = new DispatcherServletRegistrationBean(dispatcherServlet,
webMvcProperties.getServlet().getPath());//设置路径 /
registration.setName(DEFAULT_DISPATCHER_SERVLET_BEAN_NAME);
registration.setLoadOnStartup(webMvcProperties.getServlet().getLoadOnStartup());
multipartConfig.ifAvailable(registration::setMultipartConfig);
return registration;
}
}
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