LAMP 综合实验
一.实验目标
-
- 实现 LAMP 架构
-
- 实现数据库主从复制
-
- 实现 NFS 服务器存储 wordpress 文件
-
- 实现备份服务器实时备份 NFS 服务器文件
-
- 实现日志集中存储
-
- 实现 loganalyzer 分析展示日志
实验目标如下:
二.实验准备
2.1 实验环境
-
虚拟机版本:
VMware Workstation pro 15.0.0
-
Linux 系统版本:
Centos7.7
-
实验虚拟主机:六台
172.20.1.225----172.20.1.230
- 六台主机情况
实验环境:
2.3 所使用软件包
-
apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2
—
172.20.1.225
编译 httpd 需要的依赖包 -
apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
—
172.20.1.225
编译 httpd 需要的依赖包 -
httpd-2.4.41.tar.gz
—
172.20.1.225
web 服务器安装 -
php-7.3.10.tar.xz
—
172.20.1.225
web 服务器安装 -
wordpress-5.3-zh_CN.tar.gz
—
172.20.1.225
web 服务器安装 -
mariadb-10.2.29-linux-systemd-x86_64.tar.gz
—
172.20.1.[226:227]
web 服务器的数据存放主机和备份服务器安装 -
inotify-tools
—
172.20.1.228
nfs 服务器安装,监控共享目录文件
变动,以便通知 rsync 将数据同步到备份服务器 -
rsync
—
172.20.1.[228:229]
nfs 服务器和备份服务器都要安装 -
nfs-utils
—
172.20.1.[228,225]
nfs 共享服务器需要安装,其带有
nfs 文件共享服务相关的工具 -
autofs
—
172.20.1.225
apache 服务器用来自动挂载 nfs 文件系统
软件包列表:
2.3 思路
-
大致思路是:
配置LAMP --> 完成数据库主从备份 --> 完成nfs共享文件夹挂载到web服务器 --> 完成日志转储到日志存储主机的数据库 --> 测试
-
需要注意的是,每完成一步需要测试该步是否成功。
-
具体步骤
实现LAMP,主从复制
1. 首先在 web 服务器172.20.1.225编译安装httpd和php
2. 配置httpd支持php,并开启opcache等功能
3. 在主数据库主机二进制安装MariaDB,开启二进制日志,创建wordpress的数据库和相应的用户
4. 在主数据库创建一个用于从数据库复制的用户
5. 在从数据库主机二进制安装MariaDB,使用CHANGE MASTER TO指令与主数据库同步
6. 测试数据库同步情况
7. 准备wordpress程序包,解压到web服务器的服务目录,更改web服务器配置并重启
8. 配置wordpress,使其能够连接数据库
9. 测试是否能够正常访问wordpress管理界面
实现nfs服务器的共享文件夹挂载到web服务器的wordpress图片目录下
10. 在nfs服务器安装nfs-utils,创建用于访问共享文件夹的用户和家目录
11. 编辑/etc/exports配置文件,执行exportfs -r将其家目录共享
12. 在web服务器安装nfs-utils,执行`showmount -e nfs服务器ip`查看nfs服务共享的文件夹
13. 在web服务器安装autofs,编辑/etc/auto.master指定自动挂载的方式,并编辑指定的配置文件
来自动挂载nfs共享的文件夹
14. 在nfs服务器和备份服务器安装rsync,在nfs服务器安装inotify-tools
15. 在备份服务器配置/etc/rsyncd.conf 使得rsync以独立服务方式运行,并创建
验证文件(保存的内容为"用户名:密码")
16. 在nfs服务器添加密码文件,同15步中备份服务器验证文件的密码
17. 在nfs服务器编写脚本,将共享文件夹备份到备份服务器
实现日志转存到专门的日志存储服务器,存储于该服务器的数据库中
18. 在日志存储服务器二进制安装MariaDB
19. 在其他主机安装rsyslog-mysql模块,rsyslog用来和mariadb交互的模块
安装rsyslog-mysql模块会自带一个sql语句文件
20. rpm -ql rsyslog-mysql-->复制生成rsyslog要用的表的sql语句到日志存储服务器
21. 应用sql语句生成存储日志的数据库和表,并创建一个用户来给其他主机连接和访问
存储日志的数据库和表
22. 重启相关服务并测试,在其他主机使用logger "logging test message" 测试,
在日志存储服务器查看是否有记录
最终测试
23. 在wordpress上传和下载文件,发布博文,再检查备份数据库的同步情况
nfs共享目录是否更新,日志是否都被存储到日志服务器。
三.实验步骤
3.1 实现 LAMP,数据库主从复制
-
主机
172.20.1.225
安装httpd
和php
,均使用编译
安装,在这里使用事先写好的 ansible 角色安装 -
主机列表
root@ubuntu1904:/data/lamp_ansible/roles/httpd_compile#vim /etc/ansible/hosts ...# If you have multiple hosts following a pattern you can specify # them like this: #www[001:006].example.com # [lamp_lab] 172.20.1.[225:230] [log_slave] 172.20.1.[225:229] ...
3.1.1 编译安装 httpd
- httpd_compile 角色目录
root@ubuntu1904:/data/lamp_ansible/roles/httpd_compile#tree
.
├── default
│ └── main.yml
├── files
│ ├── apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2 # 安装包放ansible主控机
│ ├── apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2
│ ├── httpd-2.4.41.tar.gz
│ └── index.html
├── handlers
│ └── main.yml
├── tasks
│ ├── adduser.yml
│ ├── compile.yml
│ ├── config.yml
│ ├── index.yml
│ ├── install_deps.yml
│ ├── install.yml
│ ├── main.yml
│ ├── merge_apr.yml
│ ├── path.yml
│ ├── remove.yml
│ ├── service.yml
│ └── unarchive.yml
├── templates
│ └── httpd.conf.j2
└── vars
└── main.yml
-
各文件代码
httpd_compile/tasks/main.yml--- - include: adduser.yml - include: install_deps.yml ## for yum install #- include: install.yml - include: unarchive.yml - include: merge_apr.yml - include: compile.yml - include: path.yml - include: index.yml - include: config.yml - include: service.yml #- include: remove.yml
httpd_compile/tasks/adduser.yml
--- - name: add apache user user: name=apache groups="root,daemon" system=yes shell=/sbin/nologin createhome=no non_unique=no
httpd_compile/tasks/install_deps.yml
--- # {{ deps }} see ./vars/main.yml - name: install some deps and libs yum: name={{ deps }}
httpd_compile/tasks/install.yml
--- - name: install httpd yum: name=httpd
httpd_compile/tasks/unarchive.yml
--- # vars see ./vars/main.yml - name: unarchive apr_pkg unarchive: src=/data/ansible_exercise/roles/httpd_compile/files/apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2 dest=/data/ - name: narchive apr_util_pkg unarchive: src=/data/ansible_exercise/roles/httpd_compile/files/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 dest=/data/ - name: narchive httpd_pkg unarchive: src=/data/ansible_exercise/roles/httpd_compile/files/httpd-2.4.41.tar.gz dest=/data/
httpd_compile/tasks/merge_apr.yml
--- - name: move apr to httpd/srclib/ shell: mv /data/{{ apr }} /data/{{ httpd }}/srclib/apr - name: move apr-util to httpd/srclib/ shell: mv /data/{{ apr_util }} /data/{{ httpd }}/srclib/apr-util
httpd_compile/tasks/compile.yml
--- - name: run comfigure script shell: chdir=/data/{{ httpd }} ./configure --prefix=/app/httpd24 {{ compile_opt }} - name: compile the httpd shell: chdir=/data/{{ httpd }} make -j 6 && make install notify: message
httpd_compile/tasks/path.yml
--- - name: config path variable copy: content='PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin/:/app/httpd24/bin:$PATH' dest=/etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
httpd_compile/tasks/index.yml
--- - name: index copy: src=index.html dest=/data/httpd24/htdocs/
httpd_compile/tasks/config.yml
--- - name: config template: src=httpd.conf.j2 dest=/app/httpd24/conf/httpd.conf backup=yes notify: restart - name: source path shell: . /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
httpd_compile/tasks/service.yml
--- - name: start httpd service shell: /app/httpd24/bin/apachectl start
httpd_compile/vars/main.yml
--- apr_pkg: ansible_exercise/roles/httpd_compile/files/apr-1.7.0.tar.bz2 apr: apr-1.7.0 apr_util_pkg: ansible_exercise/roles/httpd_compile/files/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 apr_util: apr-util-1.6.1 httpd_pkg: ansible_exercise/roles/httpd_compile/files/httpd-2.4.41.tar.gz httpd: httpd-2.4.41 deps: ["gcc", "pcre-devel", "openssl-devel", "expat-devel"] compile_opt: "--enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-mpm=prefork --with-included-apr"
httpd_compile/files/index.html
DOCTYPE html> head> p1>Hello There!p1> head> body> a>A test message!!a> body>
httpd_compile/handlers/main.yml
--- - name: restart shell: /app/httpd24/bin/apachectl stop; /app/httpd24/bin/apachectl start #- name: message # shell: echo "Nice everything just fine!!" > /dev/pts/* #- name: make # shell: chdir=/data/{{ httpd }} make -j 6 && make install
httpd_compile/templates/httpd.conf.j2
root@ubuntu1904:/data/lamp_ansible/roles# cat httpd_compile/templates/httpd.conf.j2 | grep -Ev "*[#]|^$" ServerRoot "/app/httpd24" Listen 80 LoadModule mpm_event_module modules/mod_mpm_event.so LoadModule authn_file_module modules/mod_authn_file.so LoadModule authn_core_module modules/mod_authn_core.so LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so LoadModule authz_groupfile_module modules/mod_authz_groupfile.so LoadModule authz_user_module modules/mod_authz_user.so LoadModule authz_core_module modules/mod_authz_core.so LoadModule access_compat_module modules/mod_access_compat.so LoadModule auth_basic_module modules/mod_auth_basic.so LoadModule reqtimeout_module modules/mod_reqtimeout.so LoadModule filter_module modules/mod_filter.so LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so LoadModule headers_module modules/mod_headers.so LoadModule setenvif_module modules/mod_setenvif.so LoadModule version_module modules/mod_version.so LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so LoadModule unixd_module modules/mod_unixd.so LoadModule status_module modules/mod_status.so LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so IfModule !mpm_prefork_module> LoadModule cgid_module modules/mod_cgid.so /IfModule> IfModule mpm_prefork_module> LoadModule cgi_module modules/mod_cgi.so /IfModule> LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so IfModule unixd_module> User apache Group apache /IfModule> ServerAdmin stevobs@163.com Directory /> AllowOverride none Require all denied /Directory> DocumentRoot "/data/httpd24/htdocs" Directory "/data/httpd24/htdocs"> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks AllowOverride all Require all granted /Directory> IfModule dir_module> DirectoryIndex index.php index.html /IfModule> Files ".ht*"> Require all denied /Files> ErrorLog "logs/error_log" LogLevel warn IfModule log_config_module> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b "%{Referer}i" "%{User-Agent}i"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b" common IfModule logio_module> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b "%{Referer}i" "%{User-Agent}i" %I %O" combinedio /IfModule> CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined /IfModule> IfModule alias_module> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/app/httpd24/cgi-bin/" /IfModule> IfModule cgid_module> /IfModule> Directory "/app/httpd24/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options None Require all granted /Directory> IfModule headers_module> RequestHeader unset Proxy early /IfModule> IfModule mime_module> TypesConfig conf/mime.types AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz AddType application/x-httpd-php .php AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps /IfModule> ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo." ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl" Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf IfModule proxy_html_module> Include conf/extra/proxy-html.conf /IfModule> IfModule ssl_module> SSLRandomSeed startup builtin SSLRandomSeed connect builtin /IfModule> ProxyRequests off ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*.php) fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/data/httpd24/htdocs/$服务器托管网1
-
httpd 角色代码
root@ubuntu1904:/data/lamp_ansible#cat role_httpd_compile.yml
---
- hosts: 172.20.1.225
remote_user: root
roles:
- role: httpd_compile
tags: ["httpd_compile"]
...
- 安装
root@ubuntu1904:/data/lamp_ansible#ansible-playbook role_httpd_compile.yml
3.1.2 编译安装 php7.4
- php 角色目录
root@ubuntu1904:/data/lamp_ansible/roles#tree -f php/
php
├── php/files
│ ├── php/files/Discuz_X3.3_SC_UTF8.zip
│ ├── php/files/loganalyzer-4.1.8.tar.gz
│ ├── php/files/php-7.4.0.tar.xz
│ └── php/files/wordpress-5.3-zh_CN.tar.gz
├── php/handlers
│ └── php/handlers/main.yml
├── php/tasks
│ ├── php/tasks/compile.yml
│ ├── php/tasks/config.yml
│ ├── php/tasks/install_deps.yml
│ ├── php/tasks/main.yml
│ ├── php/tasks/make_sure.yml
│ ├── php/tasks/path.yml
│ ├── php/tasks/unarchive_app.yml
│ └── php/tasks/unarchive.yml
├── php/templates
│ └── php/templates/php.ini.j2
└── php/vars
└── php/vars/main.yml
- 各部分代码
php/tasks/main.yml
---
- include: install_deps.yml
- include: unarchive.yml
- include: compile.yml
- include: path.yml
- include: config.yml
- include: make_sure.yml
php/tasks/install_deps.yml
---
- name: install deps and libs
#yum: name={{ deps74 }}
yum: name={{ deps73 }}
php/tasks/unarchive.yml
---
- name: unarchive php pkg
#unarchive: src={{ php_pkg74 }} dest=/data/
unarchive: src={{ php_pkg73 }} dest=/data/
php/tasks/compile.yml
---
- name: run configure script ...
#shell: chdir=/data/{{ php74 }} ./configure {{ compile_opt74 }}
shell: chdir=/data/{{ php73 }} ./configure {{ compile_opt73 }}
- name: compile php ...
#shell: chdir=/data/{{ php74 }} make -j 6 && make install
shell: chdir=/data/{{ php73 }} make -j 6 && make install
php/tasks/unarchive_app.yml
---
- name: unarchive wordpress pkg
unarchive: src={{ wordpress_pkg53 }} dest={{ httpd_htdocs_root }}
- name: change wordpress file folder name
shell: chdir={{ httpd_htdocs_root }} mv {{ wordpress53 }} wordpress
- name: unzrchive Discuz pkg
unarchive: src={{ Discuz_pkg34 }} dest={{ httpd_htdocs_root }}
- name: change Discuz file folder name
shell: chdir= {{ httpd_htdocs_root }} mv {{ Discuz34 }} forum
php/tasks/path.yml
---
- name: config path variable
copy: content='PATH=/app/php74/bin:$PATH' dest=/etc/profile.d/php.sh
- name: source /etc/profile.d/php.sh
shell: . /etc/profile.d/php.sh
php/tasks/config.yml
---
- name: copy php.ini
#shell: cp /data/{{ php74 }}/php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
shell: cp /data/{{ php73 }}/php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
- name: copy php-fpm.service
#shell: cp /data/{{ php74 }}/sapi/fpm/php-fpm.service.in /usr/lib/system服务器托管网d/system/php-fpm.service
shell: cp /data/{{ php73 }}/sapi/fpm/php-fpm.service.in /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service
- name: copy php-fpm.conf.default
#shell: chdir=/app/php74/etc cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
shell: chdir=/app/php73/etc cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
- name: copy www.conf
shell: chdir=/app/php73/etc/php-fpm.d cp www.conf.default www.conf
php/tasks/make_sure.yml
---
- name: make sure php installed
shell: /app/php73/bin/php --version
php/vars/main.yml
---
#
# for php-7.3
deps73: ["gcc", "libxml2-devel", "bzip2-devel", "libmcrypt-devel"]
#
# for php-7.4
deps74:
[
"gcc",
"libxml2-devel",
"bzip2-devel",
"libmcrypt-devel",
"sqlite-devel",
"oniguruma-devel",
]
php_pkg74: php-7.4.0.tar.xz
php_pkg73: php-7.3.10.tar.xz
php74: php-7.4.0
php73: php-7.3.10
#
# for php-7.3
compile_opt73: "--prefix=/app/php73 --enable-mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-openssl --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --enable-mbstring --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --enable-sockets --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --enable-maintainer-zts --disable-fileinfo"
# for php-7.4
compile_opt74: "--prefix=/app/php74 --enable-mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-openssl --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --enable-mbstring --with-zlib --enable-xml --enable-sockets --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --enable-maintainer-zts --disable-fileinfo"
# for wordpress-5.3
wordpress_pkg53: wordpress-5.3-zh_CN.tar.gz
wordpress53: wordpress-5.3-zh_CN
# for Discuz3.4
Discuz_pkg34: Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip
Discuz34: upload
# for phpMyAdmin-4.9.2
phpmyadmin_pkg49: phpMyAdmin-4.9.2-all-languages.zip
phpmyadmin49: phpMyAdmin-4.9.2-all-languages
# for poweradmin-2.1.7
poweradmin_pkg: poweradmin-2.1.7.tgz
poweradmin: poweradmin-2.1.7
# for loganalyzer-4.1.8
log_analyzer_pkg: loganalyzer-4.1.8.tar.gz
log_analyzer: loganalyzer-4.1.8
# httpd doc root
httpd_www_doc_root: /var/www/html
httpd_default_htdocs_root: /app/httpd24/htdocs
httpd_htdocs_root: /data/httpd24/htdocs
- php 角色代码
root@ubuntu1904:/data/lamp_ansible#cat role_php.yml
---
- hosts: 172.20.1.225
remote_user: root
roles:
- role: php
tags: php
- 安装 php
root@ubuntu1904:/data/lamp_ansible#ansible-playbook role_php.yml
3.1.3 配置 LAMP 并安装 wordpress
- httpd 配置(172.20.1.225)
[root@httpd-php ~]# vim /app/httpd24/conf/httpd.conf
ServerRoot "/app/httpd24"
...
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
...
IfModule mime_module>
###### manual added ######
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
/IfModule>
...
# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
# running httpd, as with most system services.
#
User apache
Group apache
DocumentRoot "/data/httpd24/htdocs"
Directory "/data/httpd24/htdocs">
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride all
Require all granted
/Directory>
...
IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
#DirectoryIndex index.html index.php
/IfModule>
...
ProxyRequests off
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*.php) fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/data/httpd24/htdocs/$1
#### virtual hosts ####
virtualhost *:80>
servername wordpress.suosuoli.cn
documentroot /data/httpd24/htdocs/wordpress
directory /data/httpd24/htdocs/wordpress>
require all granted
/directory>
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/data/httpd24/htdocs/wordpress/$1
ProxyPassMatch ^/(status|ping)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/$1
CustomLog "logs/access_wordpress_log" common
/virtualhost>
- php 配置
[root@httpd-php ~]# vim /app/php73/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
user = apache
group = apache
...
pm.status_path = /status
...
ping.path = /ping
...
ping.response = pong
...
access.log = log/$pool.access.log
[root@httpd-php ~]# vim /etc/php.d/opcache.ini
[opcache]
zend_extension=opcache.so
opcache.enable=1
- 解压
wordpress-5.3-zh_CN.tar.gz
到/data/httpd24/htdocs/
3.2 实现 NFS 文件共享
3.3 实现日志集中存储
3.4 Trouble Shooting
四.测试
五.总结
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