专业评测报告来源于Percona，这里摘要关键部分展示二者区别。
https://www.percona.com/blog/mysql-vs-mariadb-reality-check/
MariaDB vs. MySQL vs Percona Server for MySQL：一般比较
MariaDB、MySQL 和 Percona Server for MySQL 都是非常流行的关系数据库管理系统。在下图中，我们将讨论它们之间的一般协议、功能、可扩展性、安全性和可用性。阅读图表时应注意的事项：
- MariaDB是MySQL的社区开发分支
- MySQL归甲骨文所有
- Percona Server for MySQL 是注重性能的 MySQL 变体，免费提供额外的优化和可扩展性功能
|
|
MariaDB Server |
MySQL |
Percona Server for MySQL* |
|
Protocols |
MySQL protocol, MariaDB Server extensions |
MySQL protocol over port 3306, X Protocol over port 33060 |
MySQL protocol over port 3306, X Protocol over port 33060 |
|
Community – Source Code |
Open Source |
Open Source |
Open Source |
|
Community – Development |
Open Source, contributions via the new BSD license or signing the MariaDB Contributor Agreement (MCA) |
Open Source, contributions via signing the Oracle Contributor Agreement (OCA) |
Open Source |
|
Community – Collaboration |
Mailing list, bugs system (Jira), IRC channel |
Mailing list, forums, bugs system |
Mailing list, forums, bugs system (Jira, Launchpad) |
|
Core – Replication |
MariaDB Server replication, with own GTID, compatible only if MariaDB Server is a slave to MySQL, not vice versa |
MySQL replication with GTID |
MySQL replication with GTID |
|
Core – Routing |
MariaDB MaxScale (Business Source License) |
MySQL Router (GPLv2) |
ProxySQL (GPLv3) |
|
Core – Partitioning |
Standard, with extra engines like SPIDER/CONNECT that offer varying levels of support |
Standard |
Standard |
|
Tool – Editing |
Webyog’s SQLYog for Microsoft Windows (MySQL Workbench notes an incompatible服务器托管网 server) |
MySQL Workbench for Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux |
MySQL Workbench for Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux |
|
Tool – Monitoring |
Webyog’s Monyog |
MySQL Enterprise Monitor |
Percona Monitoring & Management (PMM) (100% open source) |
|
Scalability – Client Connections |
Open Source Threadpool |
MySQL Enterprise Threadpool |
Open Source Threadpool with support for priority tickets |
|
Scalability – Clustering |
MariaDB Enterprise Cluster (based on Galera Cluster) |
MySQL Group Replication |
MySQL Group Replication, Percona XtraDB Cluster (based on a further engineered Galera Cluster) |
|
Security – Encryption |
Tablespace and table data-at-rest encryption. Amazon KMS, binlog/redo/tmp file with Aria tablespace encryption |
Tablespace data-at-rest encryption. Amazon KMS, Oracle Vault Enterprise Edition |
Tablespace data-at-rest encryption with Keyring Vault plugin |
|
Security – Data Masking |
MariaDB MaxScale data masking |
ProxySQL data masking |
ProxySQL data masking |
|
Security – Firewall |
MariaDB MaxScale Firewall |
MySQL Enterprise Firewall |
ProxySQL Firewall |
|
Security – Auditing |
MariaDB Audit Plugin (OSS) |
MySQL Enterprise Audit Plugin |
Percona Audit Plugin (OSS) |
|
Analytics |
MariaDB ColumnStore |
No |
ClickHouse |
|
SQL – Common Table Expressions |
Present in MariaDB Server 10.2 |
In-development for MySQL 8.0 (now a release candidate) |
In-development for MySQL 8.0 (now a release candidate) |
|
SQL – Window Functions |
Present in MariaDB Server 10.2 |
In-development for MySQL 8.0 (now a release candidate) |
In-development for MySQL 8.0 (now a release candidate) |
|
Temporal – Log-based rollback |
In development for MariaDB Server 10.3 |
No |
No |
|
Temporal – system versioned tables |
In development for MariaDB Server 10.3 |
No |
No |
|
JSON |
No JSON Data Type, 26 functions |
JSON Data type, 21 functions |
JSON Data type, 21 functions |
|
Official client connectors |
C (libmariadbclient), Java, ODBC |
C (libmysqlclient), Java, ODBC, .NET, Node.js, Python, C++, mysqlnd for PHP |
C (libmysqlclient), Java, ODBC, .NET, Node.js, Python, C++, mysqlnd for PHP |
|
Usability – CJK Language support |
No |
Gb18030, ngram & MeCab for InnoDB full-text search |
Gb18030, ngram & MeCab for InnoDB full-text search |
|
Monitoring – PERFORMANCE _SCHEMA |
Instrumentation from MySQL 5.6, sys schema not included |
Thorough instrumentation in 5.7, sys schema included |
Thorough instrumentation in 5.7, sys schema included |
|
Security – Password authentication |
ed25519 (incompatible with sha256_password) |
sha256_password (with caching_sha2_password in 8.0) |
sha256_password (with caching_sha2_password in 8.0) |
|
Security – Secure out of the box |
No |
validate_password on by default, to choose a strong password at the start |
validate_password on by default, to choose a strong password at the start |
|
Usability – Syntax differences |
S服务器托管网HOW EXPLAIN FOR |
EXPLAIN FOR CONNECTION |
EXPLAIN FOR CONNECTION |
|
Optimiser – Optimiser Tracing |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
|
Optimiser – Optimiser Hints |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
|
DBA – Super readonly mode |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
|
Security – Password expiry |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
|
Security – Password last changed? Password lifetime? |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
|
Security – VALIDATE_PASSWORD _STRENGTH() |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
|
Security – ACCOUNT LOCK/UNLOCK |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
|
Usability – Query Rewriting |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
|
GIS – GeoJSON & GeoHash functionality |
Incomplete |
Yes |
Yes |
|
Security – mysql_ssl_rsa_setup |
No (setup SSL connections manually) |
Yes |
Yes |
|
MySQL Utilities |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
|
Backup locks |
No |
No (in development for 8.0) |
Yes |
|
Usability – InnoDB memcached interface |
No |
Yes |
Yes |
支持生态系统和工具
|
Purpose |
MySQL |
Percona Server for MySQL |
MariaDB Server |
|
Monitoring |
MySQL Enterprise Monitor |
Percona Monitoring & Management (PMM) (100% open source) |
Webyog Monyog |
|
Backup |
MySQL Enterprise Backup |
Percona XtraBackup |
MariaDB Backup (fork of Percona XtraBackup) |
|
SQL Management |
MySQL Workbench |
MySQL Workbench |
Webyog SQLyog |
|
Load Balancing & Routing |
MySQL Router |
ProxySQL |
MariaDB MaxScale |
|
Database Firewall |
MySQL Enterprise Firewall |
ProxySQL |
MariaDB MaxScale |
常见问题
1.MariaDB 和 MySQL 哪个更好？
选择 MariaDB 还是 MySQL 取决于您的具体要求和使用情况。两者都很流行，提供类似的核心功能。MariaDB可提高大型数据集的性能，并增强安全功能。另一方面，MySQL受益于庞大的用户群和社区，在可靠性和稳定性方面有着良好的记录。
2.MariaDB和MySQL在性能上有什么区别吗？
MariaDB和MySQL之间的性能差异通常很小，但具体的工作负载、数据库配置和您的数据库需求将决定哪种选择最适合您。为了做出正确的选择，更重要的是关注性能以外的差异，如功能、支持和兼容性。
3.MariaDB是否会取代MySQL？
虽然MariaDB越来越受欢迎，但它并没有取代MySQL成为首选数据库。MariaDB和MySQL仍被大大小小的公司用于各种应用中。
4.是否有一些特定的用例，MariaDB比MySQL更受青睐，反之亦然？
对于处理大型数据集和复杂工作负载的应用来说，MariaDB是一个很好的选择。相比之下，MySQL则是需要多种工具和集成、希望得到广泛采用和社区支持的用户的首选。
5.MariaDB与为MySQL开发的应用程序兼容吗？
是的，作为MySQL的分叉，MariaDB与为MySQL开发的应用程序高度兼容。
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