Python 小型项目大全 21~25

DNA Animation, by Al Sweigart email@protected
Press Ctrl-C to quit...
        #G-C#
       #C---G#
      #T-----A#
     #T------A#
    #A------T#
    #G-----C#
     #G---C#
     #C-G#
      ##
     #T-A#
     #C---G#
    #G-----C#
    #G------C#
     #T------A#
      #A-----T#
       #C---G#
        #G-C#
         ##
        #T-A#
       #T---A#
      #A-----T#
`--snip--`

"""DNA, by Al Sweigart email@protected
A simple animation of a DNA double-helix. Press Ctrl-C to stop.
Inspired by matoken https://asciinema.org/a/155441
This code is available at https://nostarch.com/big-book-small-python-programming
Tags: short, artistic, scrolling, science"""

import random, sys, time

PAUSE = 0.15  # (!) Try changing this to 0.5 or 0.0.

# These are the individual rows of the DNA animation:
ROWS = [
    #123456789 

Duckling Screensaver, by Al Sweigart email@protected
Press Ctrl-C to quit...
                                             =" )
=")                                          (  v)=")
( ^)                                          ^ ^ ( v) >'')
 ^^                                                ^^  (  ^)
                              >")                       ^ ^
                              ( v)      =^^)
 ("")   ^^       (  >)
(^ ) (^^)
 (^^=               (^ )                          (

"""Duckling Screensaver, by Al Sweigart email@protected
A screensaver of many many ducklings.

>" )   =^^)    (``=   ("=  >")    ("=
(  >)  (  ^)  (v  )  (^ )  ( >)  (v )
^ ^    ^ ^    ^ ^    ^^    ^^    ^^

This code is available at https://nostarch.com/big-book-small-python-programming
Tags: large, artistic, object-oriented, scrolling"""

import random, shutil, sys, time

# Set up the constants:
PAUSE = 0.2  # (!) Try changing this to 1.0 or 0.0.
DENSITY = 0.10  # (!) Try changing this to anything from 0.0 to 1.0.

DUCKLING_WIDTH = 5
LEFT = 'left'
RIGHT = 'right'
BEADY = 'beady'
WIDE = 'wide'
HAPPY = 'happy'
ALOOF = 'aloof'
CHUBBY = 'chubby'
VERY_CHUBBY = 'very chubby'
OPEN = 'open'
CLOSED = 'closed'
OUT = 'out'
DOWN = 'down'
UP = 'up'
HEAD = 'head'
BODY = 'body'
FEET = 'feet'

# Get the size of the terminal window:
WIDTH = shutil.get_terminal_size()[0]
# We can't print to the last column on Windows without it adding a
# newline automatically, so reduce the width by one:
WIDTH -= 1


def main():
   print('Duckling Screensaver, by Al Sweigart')
   print('Press Ctrl-C to quit...')
   time.sleep(2)

   ducklingLanes = [None] * (WIDTH // DUCKLING_WIDTH)

   while True:  # Main program loop.
       for laneNum, ducklingObj in enumerate(ducklingLanes):
           # See if we should create a duckling in this lane:
           if (ducklingObj == None and random.random() '
           elif self.mouth == CLOSED:
               headStr += '='

           # Get the eyes:
           if self.eyes == BEADY and self.body == CHUBBY:
                headStr += '"'
            elif self.eyes == BEADY and self.body == VERY_CHUBBY:
                headStr += '" '
            elif self.eyes == WIDE:
                headStr += "''"
            elif self.eyes == HAPPY:
                headStr += '^^'
            elif self.eyes == ALOOF:
                headStr += '``'

            headStr += ') '  # Get the back of the head.

        if self.direction == RIGHT:
            headStr += ' ('  # Get the back of the head.

            # Get the eyes:
            if self.eyes == BEADY and self.body == CHUBBY:
                headStr += '"'
            elif self.eyes == BEADY and self.body == VERY_CHUBBY:
                headStr += ' "'
            elif self.eyes == WIDE:
                headStr += "''"
            elif self.eyes == HAPPY:
                headStr += '^^'
            elif self.eyes == ALOOF:
                headStr += '``'

            # Get the mouth:
            if self.mouth == OPEN:
                headStr += ''
            elif self.wing == UP:
                bodyStr += '^'
            elif self.wing == DOWN:
                bodyStr += 'v'

        if self.direction == RIGHT:
            # Get the wing:
            if self.wing == OUT:
                bodyStr += '

"""Etching Drawer, by Al Sweigart email@protected
An art program that draws a continuous line around the screen using the
WASD keys. Inspired by Etch A Sketch toys.

For example, you can draw Hilbert Curve fractal with:
SDWDDSASDSAAWASSDSASSDWDSDWWAWDDDSASSDWDSDWWAWDWWASAAWDWAWDDSDW

Or an even larger Hilbert Curve fractal with:
DDSAASSDDWDDSDDWWAAWDDDDSDDWDDDDSAASDDSAAAAWAASSSDDWDDDDSAASDDSAAAAWA
ASAAAAWDDWWAASAAWAASSDDSAASSDDWDDDDSAASDDSAAAAWAASSDDSAASSDDWDDSDDWWA
AWDDDDDDSAASSDDWDDSDDWWAAWDDWWAASAAAAWDDWAAWDDDDSDDWDDSDDWDDDDSAASDDS
AAAAWAASSDDSAASSDDWDDSDDWWAAWDDDDDDSAASSDDWDDSDDWWAAWDDWWAASAAAAWDDWA
AWDDDDSDDWWAAWDDWWAASAAWAASSDDSAAAAWAASAAAAWDDWAAWDDDDSDDWWWAASAAAAWD
DWAAWDDDDSDDWDDDDSAASSDDWDDSDDWWAAWDD

This code is available at https://nostarch.com/big-book-small-python-programming
Tags: large, artistic"""

import shutil, sys

# Set up the constants for line characters:
UP_DOWN_CHAR         = chr(9474)  # Character 9474 is '│'
LEFT_RIGHT_CHAR      = chr(9472)  # Character 9472 is '─'
DOWN_RIGHT_CHAR      = chr(9484)  # Character 9484 is '┌'
DOWN_LEFT_CHAR       = chr(9488)  # Character 9488 is '┐'
UP_RIGHT_CHAR        = chr(9492)  # Character 9492 is '└'
UP_LEFT_CHAR         = chr(9496)  # Character 9496 is '┘'
UP_DOWN_RIGHT_CHAR   = chr(9500)  # Character 9500 is '├'
UP_DOWN_LEFT_CHAR    = chr(9508)  # Character 9508 is '┤'
DOWN_LEFT_RIGHT_CHAR = chr(9516)  # Character 9516 is '┬'
UP_LEFT_RIGHT_CHAR   = chr(9524)  # Character 9524 is '┴'
CROSS_CHAR           = chr(9532)  # Character 9532 is '┼'
# A list of chr() codes is at https://inventwithpython.com/chr

# Get the size of the terminal window:
CANVAS_WIDTH, CANVAS_HEIGHT = shutil.get_terminal_size()
# We can't print to the last column on Windows without it adding a
# newline automatically, so reduce the width by one:
CANVAS_WIDTH -= 1
# Leave room at the bottom few rows for the command info lines.
CANVAS_HEIGHT -= 5

"""The keys for canvas will be (x, y) integer tuples for the coordinate,
and the value is a set of letters W, A, S, D that tell what kind of line
should be drawn."""
canvas = {}
cursorX = 0
cursorY = 0


def getCanvasString(canvasData, cx, cy):
   """Returns a multiline string of the line drawn in canvasData."""
   canvasStr = ''

   """canvasData is a dictionary with (x, y) tuple keys and values that
   are sets of 'W', 'A', 'S', and/or 'D' strings to show which
   directions the lines are drawn at each xy point."""
   for rowNum in range(CANVAS_HEIGHT):
       for columnNum in range(CANVAS_WIDTH):
           if columnNum == cx and rowNum == cy:
               canvasStr += '#'
               continue

           # Add the line character for this point to canvasStr.
           cell = canvasData.get((columnNum, rowNum))
           if cell in (set(['W', 'S']), set(['W']), set(['S'])):
               canvasStr += UP_DOWN_CHAR
           elif cell in (set(['A', 'D']), set(['A']), set(['D'])):
               canvasStr += LEFT_RIGHT_CHAR
           elif cell == set(['S', 'D']):
               canvasStr += DOWN_RIGHT_CHAR
           elif cell == set(['A', 'S']):
               canvasStr += DOWN_LEFT_CHAR
           elif cell == set(['W', 'D']):
               canvasStr += UP_RIGHT_CHAR
           elif cell == set(['W', 'A']):
               canvasStr += UP_LEFT_CHAR
           elif cell == set(['W', 'S', 'D']):
               canvasStr += UP_DOWN_RIGHT_CHAR
           elif cell == set(['W', 'S', 'A']):
               canvasStr += UP_DOWN_LEFT_CHAR
           elif cell == set(['A', 'S', 'D']):
               canvasStr += DOWN_LEFT_RIGHT_CHAR
           elif cell == set(['W', 'A', 'D']):
               canvasStr += UP_LEFT_RIGHT_CHAR
           elif cell == set(['W', 'A', 'S', 'D']):
               canvasStr += CROSS_CHAR
           elif cell == None:
               canvasStr += ' '
       canvasStr += 'n'  # Add a newline at the end of each row.
   return canvasStr


moves = []
while True:  # Main program loop.
   # Draw the lines based on the data in canvas:
   print(getCanvasString(canvas, cursorX, cursorY))

   print('WASD keys to move, H for help, C to clear, '
        + 'F to save, or QUIT.')
    response = input('> ').upper()

    if response == 'QUIT':
        print('Thanks for playing!')
        sys.exit()  # Quit the program.
    elif response == 'H':
        print('Enter W, A, S, and D characters to move the cursor and')
        print('draw a line behind it as it moves. For example, ddd')
        print('draws a line going right and sssdddwwwaaa draws a box.')
        print()
        print('You can save your drawing to a text file by entering F.')
        input('Press Enter to return to the program...')
        continue
    elif response == 'C':
        canvas = {}  # Erase the canvas data.
        moves.append('C')  # Record this move.
    elif response == 'F':
        # Save the canvas string to a text file:
        try:
            print('Enter filename to save to:')
            filename = input('> ')

            # Make sure the filename ends with .txt:
            if not filename.endswith('.txt'):
                filename += '.txt'
            with open(filename, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
                file.write(''.join(moves) + 'n')
                file.write(getCanvasString(canvas, None, None))
        except:
            print('ERROR: Could not save file.')

    for command in response:
        if command not in ('W', 'A', 'S', 'D'):
            continue  # Ignore this letter and continue to the next one.
        moves.append(command)  # Record this move.

        # The first line we add needs to form a full line:
        if canvas == {}:
            if command in ('W', 'S'):
                # Make the first line a horizontal one:
                canvas[(cursorX, cursorY)] = set(['W', 'S'])
            elif command in ('A', 'D'):
                # Make the first line a vertical one:
                canvas[(cursorX, cursorY)] = set(['A', 'D'])

        # Update x and y:
        if command == 'W' and cursorY > 0:
            canvas[(cursorX, cursorY)].add(command)
            cursorY = cursorY - 1
        elif command == 'S' and cursorY  0:
            canvas[(cursorX, cursorY)].add(command)
            cursorX = cursorX - 1
        elif command == 'D' and cursorX 

Factor Finder, by Al Sweigart email@protected
`--snip--`
Enter a number to factor (or "QUIT" to quit):
> 26
1, 2, 13, 26
Enter a number to factor (or "QUIT" to quit):
> 4352784
1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 29, 48, 53, 58, 59, 87, 106, 116, 118, 159, 174, 177, 212, 232, 236, 318, 348, 354, 424, 464, 472, 636, 696, 708, 848, 944, 1272, 1392, 1416, 1537, 1711, 2544, 2832, 3074, 3127, 3422, 4611, 5133, 6148, 6254, 6844, 9222, 9381, 10266, 12296, 12508, 13688, 18444, 18762, 20532, 24592, 25016, 27376, 36888, 37524, 41064, 50032, 73776, 75048, 82128, 90683, 150096, 181366, 272049, 362732, 544098, 725464, 1088196, 1450928, 2176392, 4352784
Enter a number to factor (or "QUIT" to quit):
> 9787
1, 9787
Enter a number to factor (or "QUIT" to quit):
> quit

"""Factor Finder, by Al Sweigart email@protected
Finds all the factors of a number.
This code is available at https://nostarch.com/big-book-small-python-programming
Tags: tiny, beginner, math"""

import math, sys

print('''Factor Finder, by Al Sweigart email@protected

A number's factors are two numbers that, when multiplied with each
other, produce the number. For example, 2 x 13 = 26, so 2 and 13 are
factors of 26. 1 x 26 = 26, so 1 and 26 are also factors of 26. We
say that 26 has four factors: 1, 2, 13, and 26.

If a number only has two factors (1 and itself), we call that a prime
number. Otherwise, we call it a composite number.

Can you discover some prime numbers?
''')

while True:  # Main program loop.
    print('Enter a positive whole number to factor (or QUIT):')
    response = input('> ')
    if response.upper() == 'QUIT':
        sys.exit()

    if not (response.isdecimal() and int(response) > 0):
        continue
    number = int(response)

    factors = []

    # Find the factors of number:
    for i in range(1, int(math.sqrt(number)) + 1):
        if number % i == 0:  # If there's no remainder, it is a factor.
            factors.append(i)
            factors.append(number // i)

    # Convert to a set to get rid of duplicate factors:
    factors = list(set(factors))
    factors.sort()

    # Display the results:
    for i, factor in enumerate(factors):
        factors[i] = str(factor)
    print(', '.join(factors))

Fast Draw, by Al Sweigart email@protected

Time to test your reflexes and see if you are the fastest
draw in the west!
When you see "DRAW", you have 0.3 seconds to press Enter.
But you lose if you press Enter before "DRAW" appears.

Press Enter to begin...

It is high noon...
DRAW!

You took 0.3485 seconds to draw. Too slow!
Enter QUIT to stop, or press Enter to play again.
> quit
Thanks for playing!

"""Fast Draw, by Al Sweigart email@protected
Test your reflexes to see if you're the fastest draw in the west.
This code is available at https://nostarch.com/big-book-small-python-programming
Tags: tiny, beginner, game"""

import random, sys, time

print('Fast Draw, by Al Sweigart email@protected')
print()
print('Time to test your reflexes and see if you are the fastest')
print('draw in the west!')
print('When you see "DRAW", you have 0.3 seconds to press Enter.')
print('But you lose if you press Enter before "DRAW" appears.')
print()
input('Press Enter to begin...')

while True:
    print()
    print('It is high noon...')
    time.sleep(random.randint(20, 50) / 10.0)
    print('DRAW!')
    drawTime = time.time()
    input()  # This function call doesn't return until Enter is pressed.
    timeElapsed = time.time() - drawTime

    if timeElapsed  0.3:
        timeElapsed = round(timeElapsed, 4)
        print('You took', timeElapsed, 'seconds to draw. Too slow!')
    else:
        timeElapsed = round(timeElapsed, 4)
        print('You took', timeElapsed, 'seconds to draw.')
        print('You are the fastest draw in the west! You win!')

    print('Enter QUIT to stop, or press Enter to play again.')
    response = input('> ').upper()
    if response == 'QUIT':
        print('Thanks for playing!')
        sys.exit()